1. GO 357 The Political Economy of Regionalism Walter Hatch Colby College An Asian Difference?

3. WHY SO LITTLE “HARD” REGIONALISM?

4. Possible Explanations Divergent levels of development Divergent levels of development Divergent Polities Divergent Polities Divergent Cultures Divergent Cultures Nationalism Nationalism Legacy of colonialismLegacy of colonialism Security externalities of integration Security externalities of integration History hangover History hangover Japanese imperialismJapanese imperialism US role US role Hub-and-spokes relationshipHub-and-spokes relationship Networks Networks

5. Diverse Development

6. Asia’s Per Capita Income (2005) Note: US $ Source: World Bank, “World Development Indicators, 2007”

7. Divergent Polities Liberal States Liberal States Japan, ROK, TaiwanJapan, ROK, Taiwan Authoritarian States Authoritarian States China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Brunei, Burma, Vietnam, Cambodia, LaosChina, Hong Kong, Singapore, Brunei, Burma, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos Transitional States Transitional States Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, IndonesiaPhilippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia

8. Divergent Cultures Buddhist/Confucian Buddhist/Confucian Japan, ROK, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, SingaporeJapan, ROK, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore Buddhist Buddhist Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, BurmaThailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Burma Islamic Islamic Indonesia, Malaysia, BruneiIndonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Christian Christian PhilippinesPhilippines

9. Nationalism Relatively “young” states Relatively “young” states Brunei in 1984Brunei in 1984 Vietnam unified in 1975Vietnam unified in 1975 Singapore created in 1965Singapore created in 1965 Former colonies Former colonies Indonesia (Dutch)Indonesia (Dutch) Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia (France)Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia (France) Philippines (US)Philippines (US) Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, Brunei (UK)Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, Brunei (UK) Korea, Taiwan (Japan)Korea, Taiwan (Japan) China (Portugal, Holland, UK, France, Germany, Japan)China (Portugal, Holland, UK, France, Germany, Japan)

10. Security Externalities (1)

12. Security Externalities (2)

13. Security Externalities (3)

15. Security Externalities (4)

16. Security Externalities (5)

17. History Hangover (China-Japan)

18. History Hangover (Korea-Japan)

19. How to say, “I’m sorry…”

20. U.S. Bilateralism No Marshall Plan for Asia No Marshall Plan for Asia Instead, US bilateralism Instead, US bilateralism U.S.-Japan Security Alliance (1953)U.S.-Japan Security Alliance (1953) And bilateral ties with ROK, Thailand, the Philippines, IndonesiaAnd bilateral ties with ROK, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia One exception: SEATO One exception: SEATO

21. No Need Informal networks 関係 Informal networks 関係 Japanese MNCsJapanese MNCs The Chinese diasporaThe Chinese diaspora Not formal treaties Not formal treaties