1. Presentation location and presenter info

2.  The environmental benefits of wood.  How the use of wood fits within current definitions of green building.  Principles, strategies and procedures to optimize rating system score using wood products.  Best practices for articulating the environmental performance of buildings.

3.  Module 1: Introduction Green building rating systems and how they work The role of products in green building success – introduction to EIS  Module 2: Materials criteria Construction waste management Salvaged materials Recycled materials Locally produced materials Certified wood Indoor air quality  Module 3: Putting it all together with EIS Combining LEED credits in a single product Interactive exercise  Module 4: Macro design issues Passive design Durability Acoustics Life cycle assessment Additional educational references!

4. What we are starting with: there are some rating systems which make it more difficult to succeed if wood is used

5. 1/4 of all the world's wood harvest 40% of global consumption of raw materials 20-30% of North American landfill is taken up by construction and demolition debris 20% world’s energy consumed by building construction (including manufacturing of building products) World building materials market accounts for more than 3bn tons of materials per year +50% of the world’s annual concrete production is poured in China  Wood is a renewable building material

6.  To date, most of the focus in green building (and rating systems) has been on improving operational efficiency.  Most building material choices and budgets ignore the true impacts of material manufacture and disposal.

8.  No more carbon is emitted in the production and whole life cycle of a wood product than is absorbed from the atmosphere when the tree is growing.  Sustainable forestry practices are assumed.

9.  To what extent can the use of wood make a building “green” (as defined by rating systems)?  To what extent do rating systems capture the environmental benefits of wood (carbon footprint, LCA, local economies)?  Is using wood an advantage or disadvantage in terms of the number of points/credits that could be earned compared to other competing products?

10.  BREEAM Offices Multi-family residential Eco-homes  Built Green Canada Low-rise Multi-family residential  Built Green Colorado Multi-family residential  Built Green Washington Low-rise Multi-family residential  CASBEE (for Homes)  Green Globes  Green Star  LEED LEED NC (Canada) LEED NC (US) LEED CI (Canada) LEED for Homes (Canada)  Living Building Challenge  NAHB Model Green Home Buildings Guidelines  SB Tool

12. The thing to know:  There are many different systems.  Systems often overlap in terms of admissible building type, geographic location, etc.  They all function in a similar way - once you understand one, you’ll be able to handle most of them.

13.  Certified wood: most green building rating systems recognize multiple forest certification schemes, except LEED which accepts only one.  Recycled / reused / salvaged materials: recycled content in wood products and reused or salvaged wood and wood products.  Local sourcing of materials: local manufacturing and harvesting.  Building techniques and skills: specific building techniques that can leverage wood to gain green building points/credits.  Waste minimization: points/credits are given for diverting a certain amount of waste or minimizing wasted woodcuts.  Indoor air quality: no added urea-formaldehyde in wood products and low-VOC finishes.  Life cycle impacts: embodied energy and lifecycle carbon.

17. Not Addressed 1.Built Green Canada 2.Built Green Canada MF 3.Built Green (WA) 4.Built Green (WA) MF 5.Built Green Colorado 6.Green Star 7.LEED NC Canada 8.LEED NC US 9.LEED CI 10.LEED for Homes 11.Living Building Challenge 12.NAHB Model Guidelines Not Addressed 1.Built Green Canada 2.Built Green Canada MF 3.Built Green (WA) 4.Built Green (WA) MF 5.Built Green Colorado 6.Green Star 7.LEED NC Canada 8.LEED NC US 9.LEED CI 10.LEED for Homes 11.Living Building Challenge 12.NAHB Model Guidelines

18.  2 identical hypothetical projects: 1 (high intensity) – wherever possible wood is specified 2 (low intensity)– wherever possible competing (non- wood) products are used.  For consistency, all other credits are assumed to be successfully accomplished (not possible in reality).  No account was made for degree of difficulty or cost.  Some systems could not be compared due to: integrated nature of the rating system (e.g CASBEE) the structure and scope of the materials credits (e.g. Green Star, Living Building Challenge).

19. Commercial MF residential SF residential

21. GAPS  Carbon Footprint impacts ignored:  Carbon Footprint impacts ignored: ISO 14040 provides a recognized LCA methodology: none of the systems reference it.  Acoustics:  Acoustics: Only addressed by Green Globes. Sound abatement strategies use wood panel and fibre products  Thermal mass and passive design:  Thermal mass and passive design: wood’s contribution not recognized  Material efficiency and de- materialization:  Material efficiency and de- materialization: wood offers combined benefits of insulative value, light weight, structural integrity and weather resistance. Concert Hall, Caracas, Venezuela

22.  Study completed in 2009 by Light House Sustainable Building Centre, Vancouver, Canada  For Forestry Innovation Investment of British Columbia, Canada www.bcfii.ca www.bcfii.ca  Summary available at www.naturallywood.com > ‘Resources’www.naturallywood.com  Full report available from info@naturallywood.cominfo@naturallywood.com

23. Wood products are applicable to the majority of materials credits….

24.  Over 1 million tonnes of demolition, land clearing and construction (DLC) waste was generated in 2002.  Represents 1/3 of waste stream in Metro Vancouver.  Wood waste makes up 15% (about 240,000 tonnes) of Metro Vancouver’s waste.  Diversion rates +95% in Vancouver achieved. Reduce Reuse Recycle Recover Residuals

25.  Coordinate with shop drawing providers to right-size components prior to fabrication  Work with manufacturers to minimize packaging  Ensure all pallets are removed from site  Work with installers so that practices minimize waste – upstream training may be necessary  Initiate product take-back programs, servicing agreements, leases  Documentation is critical!

26. Percentage of Construction Waste Diverted = Amount diverted through Recycling and Salvage Total Waste Generated CWM calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout.

27.  Develop an understanding of manufacturing processes, how materials are delivered and the waste they generate during installation prior to finalizing specification documents.  Work with manufacturers to minimize unnecessary packaging - make arrangements for pallet pick up.  Prepare information about a product’s recyclability and end- of life impacts.  Coordinate with shop drawing providers to right-size components prior to fabrication.  Work with installers so that practices minimize waste – upstream training may be necessary.  Initiate product take-back programs, servicing agreements, leases.

28. What you need to know: 1. BEFORE installing materials: Submit material information sheets. Check if your materials are approved. ALL alternates must be approved. 2. On-site WASTE: Reduce, reuse, recycle. Separate in areas provided. Submit waybills for all waste taken off-site. 3. Remove all moisture damaged materials from site. 4. Making dust? isolate area, protect air ducts. 5. Limit use of volatile liquids (solvents, fuels). Store in closed containers. If in doubt ask… Keep this a healthy building site.

29. Help at Hand for Installers and Trades: (Light House resources & training) Light House Don’t Waste Wood BuildSmart

30.  Includes materials retrieved from an existing building.  Clean wood can be easily salvaged and reused.  Salvaged materials strategy to be coordinated with building re-use and construction waste management.

31.  Refurbished materials includes renovating, repairing, restoring, or generally improving the appearance, performance, quality, functionality, or value of a product.  Remanufactured materials are items that are made into other products.  Salvaged materials are recovered from existing buildings or job sites and reused such as structural beams and posts, flooring, doors,cabinetry, etc. Landscape mulch from wood waste chipped on site by Vancouver-based Klondike Contracting

32. Salvaged heavy timbers form structure in LEED VanCity branch in North Vancouver

33. The wood ceiling is saved and sold… … to the Stanley Park concession stand!

34.  Roughly half of BC’s mature pine trees affected.  Most extensive damage occurring in central Canadian Rockies, where two-thirds of the lodgepole pine forests have been infested.  MPB is not yet explicitly recognized by green building rating systems.  Growing awareness of the value of pine beetle wood in addressing “regional priority” credits. Infested pine tree

35. Percentage of Salvaged Material = Value of Salvaged Material ($) Value of Total Material ($) Furniture may be included x 100

36.  Ensure that all materials only costs are declared at the outset.  Clarify the presence (if any) of any toxic substances and ensure all costs and responsibilities for decontamination are taken into account.  Confirm documentation is available for the product’s provenance and history.

37. Richmond Oval’s 2 hectare roof built out of lumber from salvaged wood from the Mountain Pine Beetle infestation. Architect: Cannon Design Richmond Oval’s 2 hectare roof built out of lumber from salvaged wood from the Mountain Pine Beetle infestation. Architect: Cannon Design

38. Triton Wood used in Mountain Equipment Co-op store

39.  “The proportion, by mass, of recycled material in a product or packaging. Only pre-consumer and post- consumer material is considered as recycled content.” ISO 14021 Environmental Labels and Declarations – Self- Declared Environmental Claims (Type II environmental labeling).  Using recycled materials reduces the need to landfill these materials.  Materials that would otherwise have been discarded either:  during the manufacturing process (pre-consumer) diverted from waste streams, or  at the end of service life (post consumer).

40.  Pre-consumer recycled material: diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing process. Materials generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within the same process (such as rework, regrind or scrap) are excluded. Examples include: planer shavings, ply trim, sawdust, etc Note that wood chips created from virgin wood does not qualify as recycled content.  Post-consumer recycled material: generated by end-users of a product that can no longer be used for its intended purpose.  Assembly recycled content: the recycled proportion of a material calculated by dividing the weight of the recycled content by the overall weight of the assembly.

41. Recycled Content Value ($) = (% post consumer RC ($) x materials cost) + (% pre consumer RC ($) x materials cost)* *some rating systems apply a factor for pre-consumer recycled content

42.  Material technical data must clearly spell out proportion of recycled content in total assembly based on weight.  Costs need to exclude labour for calculation purposes.  If in doubt, source independently audited data from a reputable third party agency.  14021 Environmental Labels and Declarations – Self-Declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labelling) is the international standard used to verify recycled content.

43. www.woodanchor.com

44.  Match a local design aesthetic.  Tend to be more durable in the local climate.  Leverage local expertise (installation, maintenance, etc).  Supports local economies.  Reduces the environmental impact of transportation (dependent on type/ volume/weight of material and mode of transportation). Gulf Islands Operations Centre LEED Platinum Larry McFarland Architects

45.  For the purposes of green building rating systems, local or regional materials are those that are extracted, harvested, and manufactured within 500 mi (800 km) of the project site, 1,500 mi (2,400 km) if shipped by rail or water.

46. Percentage of Local Materials = Value of Local/Regional Material ($) Value of Total Material ($) x 100

47.  Where the materials used to make the product were extracted, harvested or processed.  Where the final product was manufactured.  The distance of these locations to the site.  How the materials were transported to the project site (Were they delivered by rail, water or truck?). May be different, and different for various product components!

48. Architects: Musson Cattell Mackey Partnership Architects Designers Planners; Downs/Archambault & Partners; LMN Architects

49. ISO 14001  International environmental management system (EMS) standard, applicable to any type of organization.  Many British Columbia forest companies are certified for either their manufacturing facilities and/or their forest management practices.

50.  Forest Certification verifies the sustainability of forest management.  Chain of custody certification tracks wood from point of harvest to its end use.  More than 50 certification standards worldwide.  Two international umbrella organizations: PEFC FSC

51. Sustainable Forestry Initiative U.S. and Canada Endorsed by PEFC 20.6 million ha certified in B.C. (YE-2010) Forest Stewardship Council B.C. regional standard endorsed by FSC International 2.7 million ha certified in B.C. (YE-2010) Canadian Standards Association National standard of Canada Endorsed by PEFC 29.6 million ha certified in B.C. (YE-2010)

52. Tracking procedure for a product from the point of harvest or extraction to its end use, including all successive stages of processing, transformation, manufacturing, and distribution.

53.  Environmental benefits of wood.  Certification systems promote sustainable forest management.  Most green building rating systems recognize all forest certification systems: CSA, FSC, SFI and PEFC. LEED recognizes only FSC  Sustainability criteria and third-party certification lacking for other building materials.

54. Percentage of Certified Wood = Certified wood material value ($) Total new wood material value ($) Only include materials permanently installed in the project. Temporary construction applications such as bracing, concrete form work and pedestrian barriers are EXCLUDED. x 100

55.  Know what supply is available and lead times.  Have at hand all relevant Chain of custody (CoC) certificates.  For non-wood products, be ready to answer questions about your product stewardship programs for better comparison to wood options.

56. Hughes Condon Marler: Architects

57.  On average, North Americans spend 90% of their time indoors.  30% of Canadian households have humidity problems and potential mould problems.  One in five Canadians suffer from lung disease.  US National Academy of Sciences estimates that 15% of the population has some form of environmental sensitivity.  IAQ directly linked to occupant productivity, recovery rates in hospitals, etc.

58.  Inadequate ventilation.  Chemical contaminants from indoor and outdoor sources (VOCs, pollution, etc).  Biological contaminants (mold, etc).

59.  IAQ is acceptable when there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and with which a substantial majority (80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction. (ASHRAE 62.1-2007).  All rating systems recognize the importance of IAQ – many function on a “pass or fail” basis.  Bare wood is considered hypo-allergenic.  Wood products impact IAQ via the treatments and coatings applied to them.

60.  Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): carbon compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions. The compounds vaporize at normal room temperatures frequently causing health impacts.  Urea formaldehyde (UF): a component of glues and adhesives, and a preservative in some paints and coating products. Commonly found in pressed wood products (hardwood plywood wall paneling, particleboard, fiberboard) and furniture made with these pressed wood products.

61.  Only applies to interior products and site-applied coatings.  Suggest a no-carpet policy - hardwood floors are easier to clean and thus minimize contamination.  Panel products, cabinetry and shelving is available from VOC- free products.

62. Required for HAZMAT management purposes

63. Hanvey residence kitchen cabinets comprise FSC certified maple veneers (from Quebec) applied using PVA glue to strawboard cores.  UF found in resins and glues.  Plywood and OSB products use phenol- formaldehyde (PF) resin in which emissions are lower than those containing UF.  Formaldehyde-free alternative resins are MDI (methylene diphenyl isocyanate) and PVA (polyvinyl acetate).

64. “Mechanically-induced wood flow welding”  Produces high-strength bonds in seconds without the use of adhesive.  Pieces of lumber are pressed together (at 60 – 330 psi) and rubbed back and forth at high speed for a few (3-5) seconds.  After a few more seconds of clamp time, the bonding process is complete - much quicker than gluing.  The equipment required is already available: used to weld thermoplastic joints, (eg. automobile industry).  Bonds are not water-tight, so most applicable to interior joinery, furniture.

65. IAQ performance is based on “Pass or Fail” of VOC limits Analysis best accomplished using proprietary spreadsheets Procedure shows VOC calculation methodology (example for paint) – MSDS provide relevant information

66.  Understand the production of materials and present the relevant Material Safety Date Sheet (MSDS) describing the VOC and UF emissions of the product (if any).  If in doubt, request independently audited data from a reputable third party agency such as the South Coast Air Quality Management District (www.aqmd.gov).

69. For example in LEED:  Multiple LEED credits may apply to a single product.  For example, credits MRc 4, MRc 5, MRc 6, MRc 7, IEQc 4, and RP may be earned for attributes combined within one product.

70.  Specifiers really appreciate all rating system information being summarized in one place Manufacturer’s information Recycled content IAQ Certification Manufacturing distances  Also Provide information for Construction Waste Management Plan Materials only costs (exclude labour) Relevant certificates, letters MSDS sheets

71. Pentco cabinet doors – Qtr Wenge veneer on Skyblend™ 100% RC particle board in LEED Silver Vista Place, North Vancouver

72.  Particle board substrate  Veneer  Adhesive  Sealant  Don’t worry about hardware for now

73.  Use the template to check applicable criteria.  Can you fill in any fields?  Refer to accompanying terms and definitions!

75.  Recycled content  Regional materials  Forest Certification  VOCs  Urea-formaldehyde

76.  Assembling the information  Refer to submittal sheets to see where information ultimately goes  Here’s the one we did earlier……

77.  Applies to ALL materials and assemblies  Must meet or exceed specification  Standard substitution request process  Include completed GB submittal form and relevant documentation

78. "We are now entering an age of consequences." Sir Winston Churchill

79.  Building design that uses the building architecture to leverage natural energy sources, minimize energy consumption and improve thermal comfort.  Passive design buildings rely heavily on high-performing building envelope assemblies and passive solar power.  Knowing how products interact as assemblies is critical to success.

80.  No explicit requirement or metric.  Passive design informs overall building performance. Efficient Equipment Generate Passive Design, Nat. Vent, Heat Recovery lose less energy use less energy make more energy

81.  A high level of insulation, with minimal thermal bridges.  A high level of utilization of solar and internal gain.  An excellent level of air tightness.  Good indoor air quality. Passive Design Toolkit Vancouver: www.vancouver.ca/greenestcity/new.htm www.vancouver.ca/greenestcity/new.htm Passive House Institute: www.passiv.dewww.passiv.de Passive Design Toolkit Vancouver: www.vancouver.ca/greenestcity/new.htm www.vancouver.ca/greenestcity/new.htm Passive House Institute: www.passiv.dewww.passiv.de

82.  Unique combination of properties: Thermal resistance Natural finish Structural integrity Light weight Weatherproof Laminated timber panel provides thermal mass Triple glazed wood window with metal flashings Water resistant hardboard air barrier Rainscreen with cedar siding Wood fibre insulation Laminated timber panel provides thermal mass Triple glazed wood window with metal flashings Water resistant hardboard air barrier Rainscreen with cedar siding Wood fibre insulation

83.  Are you able to participate in the integrated design process to discuss innovative methods of employing wood in the project.  How can your product contribute to thermal and environmental performance of the building envelope.

84. Architect: Treberspurg & Partner Architekten

86.  Durability is the ability of a building or any of its components to perform the required functions in a service environment over a period of time without unforeseen cost for maintenance or repair.  When designing with wood, durability considerations are particularly relevant to the building envelope.

87. Steel column base by Structurecraft provides durable solution for wood structure www.structurecraft.com Steel column base by Structurecraft provides durable solution for wood structure www.structurecraft.com 1. Design Service Life 2. Category Failure 3. Predicted Service Life 4. Maintenance Frequency 5. Maintenance Access Cost 6. Building Envelope Systems

90.  Wood is the material of choice for quality of acoustical performance.  Some green buildings have been shown to under-perform acoustically due to: Hard surfaces for radiant heat distribution Minimization of soft surfaces that can attract contaminants.  ANSI S12.60-2002, Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools resulted.

91. Cave Restaurant, Sydney, Australia (Takada Architects) Acoustical design requires professional expertise Get help from a member of the Acoustical Society of America http://asa.aip.org Acoustical design requires professional expertise Get help from a member of the Acoustical Society of America http://asa.aip.org

92.  No standard procedure for rating systems.  Provide noise attenuation of the structural systems and implement measures to insulate primary spaces from impact noise.  Specify acoustic controls (various wood products available) to meet the acoustic privacy requirements.  Specify measures to meet speech intelligibility requirements for spaces and activities. Wood acoustical paneling provides professional quality acoustical performance, durable finish and naturally warm appearance in concert halls around the world. Wood acoustical paneling provides professional quality acoustical performance, durable finish and naturally warm appearance in concert halls around the world.

93.  Have on hand (if possible) acoustical performance data (such as STC and IIC ratings) for key components and assemblies.  Know if your product has IAQ performance benefits and if your product has been certified by a third party forestry certification system.

95.  Analyzes total environmental impact of all materials and energy flows, either as input or output, over the life of a product from raw material to end-of-life disposal or rebirth as a new product.  Defined by ISO 14040: internationally- recognized standard.  The ONLY way to truly understand the environmental benefits of using wood.

96.  Material usage  Embodied energy  Co2 Emissions and global warming potential  Air pollution  Solid waste generation  Water pollution  Environmental costs Source: www.naturallywood.com

97. Source: compiled using the Athena EcoCalculator, version 2.2, with a dataset appropriate for Vancouver, Canada. (www.naturallywood.com).

98. Not Addressed 1.Built Green Canada 2.Built Green Canada MF 3.Built Green (WA) 4.Built Green (WA) MF 5.Built Green Colorado 6.Green Star 7.LEED NC Canada 8.LEED NC US 9.LEED CI 10.LEED for Homes 11.Living Building Challenge 12.NAHB Model Guidelines Not Addressed 1.Built Green Canada 2.Built Green Canada MF 3.Built Green (WA) 4.Built Green (WA) MF 5.Built Green Colorado 6.Green Star 7.LEED NC Canada 8.LEED NC US 9.LEED CI 10.LEED for Homes 11.Living Building Challenge 12.NAHB Model Guidelines

99. For example:  Glass – melt sand and silica at 2,300deg C  Cement – burn lime at 3,500 deg C Steel blast furnaces like this one get up to around 2,000 deg C

100.  “The quantity of energy required by all of the activities associated with a production process including the acquisition of primary material, transportation, manufacturing and handling”.  Wood is not an energy- neutral material.  However, the carbon- neutral question is more interesting.

101.  The capacity of wood to absorb and store carbon can be factored against the carbon emissions incurred during drying, processing and transportation to site. Wood (oven dry) is 50% carbon by mass The molecular weight of CO2 is 44; C is 12 So: 1000 kg of oven dry wood = 500 kg C 500 kg C x 44/12 = 1833 kg in CO2 ‘equivalents’ that can be factored against the carbon impacts of manufacture, transportation and installation.

102. Initial Embodied Energy vs. Recurring Embodied Energy of a Typical Canadian Office Building Constructed from Wood over a 100-Year Lifespan (Cole & Kernan, 1996).

103.  An EPD is a standardized (ISO 14025/TR) and LCA based tool to communicate the environmental performance of a product or system.  The information required for input into LCA calculations.

104. Courtesy Dr Sebastian Reuter, VTI, Germany www.vti-bund.de

105.  Based on data provided by the producer.  “Living documents” –additional aspects are integrated continuously.  Undergo an independent external review which additionally ensures high quality and acceptance.  Updated every 3 years to reflect state of current technology.  De facto database for building certification.  Provide information regarding production of the product, the stored amount of CO 2 of a wooden product during use phase, and End of Life including substitution for Energy production  Provide data of all other materials – basis for calculation of substitution effects regarding CO 2 emissions.

106.  Know the sources of the product’s data.  How much is based on primary information directly from operations, as opposed to databases of industry-average data.  The assumptions included about the functional unit and service life of the product.  The materials that have been excluded (if any) from the LCA calculation.  The uncertainty factors in the information.

107.  Wood from replenished sources supports “Low carbon” building but rating systems need to catch up.  LCA and Passive Design not adequately or consistently recognized – but principles can be applied right away.  Training and resources for architects and manufacturers underway.

108.  Questions?  More information available at www.naturallywood.com  Don’t forget to complete course evaluation forms