1. DATALOGGER Welcome to the Presentation on How To Use DATALOGGER

2. Station Assets Reports Simulation NMDL Control Charting

3. Yard Diagram of a Two Road Station

4. Assets 1.Tracks 2.Signals 3.Points 4.Buttons 5.Axle Counters 6.Crank Handles etc

5. Track Tracks may Fail or Bob due to 1. Conductors lying across 2. Improper Ballast 3. Heavy Rain 4. Mischief 5. Relay Problem

6. Signal Problems related to Signals 1. Fusing Of signal Lamp 2. Blanking of Signal 3. Signal Raised Up 4. Signal lamp to be replaced for preventive maintenance 5.Conflicting Aspects 6.Signal Passing at danger

7. Point Machine 1. Friction in movement 2. Loose Packing of Point 3. Point Fail 4. Point not setting due to obstruction 5. Point Button Not Properly Pressed-Premature release 6. Point M/c drawing High Current 7. Relay Bobbing

8. Point Loose Packing

9. Obstacle In Point

10. Button 1. Button Stuck Up 2. Premature Release 3. Unnecessary Pressing of Button 4. Improper Sequence

11. Circuit 1 Progression Sequence Interrupted 2 Contact offering High Resistance 3 Fuse Blown Off

12. Analog Voltages & Currents-AC

13. Analog Voltages & Currents-DC

14. So what we require may be a Recording System To Record all the information relating to the yard i.e Data Logger

15. What Is a Data Logger A Microprocessor based system to log the changes in the status of Relay contacts & Analog Channels pertaining to a Railway panel interlocking or Route Relay Interlocking (RRI) station.

16. Computer Connectivity Single Data-logger can be connected to Computer for storing & processing of the Relay and Voltage information

17. A Computer can also take data, through an FEP, connected to a network of Data-Loggers. Computer Connectivity

18. In a computer all this data is stored in the Hard Disk. Present Day Hard Disks, of size 40GB can hold nearly 3 years of information of networks, having an average of 30 Data-loggers.GB Computer Memory Hard Disk Computer

19. Front End Processor(FEP) The data of the network is collected by the FEP (Front End Processor), which in turn is transmitted to the computer FEP acts as a buffer between the Computer and the Network

20. Information Generation A data packet is generated whenever a change occurs in a Relay status or a Voltage channel. This packet is stored in the storage space available in the Data logger (Nearly 85,000 packets in 4MB RAM ). SerialTypeTimeInput IDStatus Data Packet DLNo

21. INFORMATION PACKET STRUCTURE RHNO/DLNO1BYTE00 SERL NO2BYTES01,02 CRC1BYTE03 TIME4BYTES04,05,06,07 REC ID1BYTE08 INPUT NO / CHANNEL VALUE 2 BYTES09,10 STAS/CHANNEL NO.1BYTE11

22. SerialTypeTimeInputStatus DLNo DLNo.-Packet Structure

23. Time-Packet Structure The time is a number which gives an accuracy of 16 milli-seconds. SerialTypeTimeInputStatus DLNo Relay On/Off Tim e

24. Input ID-Packet Structure Now we need to Know the Relay and its status – What about this? The Input ID i.e the Number of the contact where it is connected to the Data logger, and the change(Status ) are also sent along. SerialTypeTimeInput IDStatus DLNo

25. Relay1 On/Off Time1 SerialTypeTimeInputStatus DLNo Relay2 On/Off Time2 Relay 3 On/Off Time3 1. 2. 3. Analog2 On/Off Time4 4. Input ID-Packet Structure

26. Relay1 On/Off Time1 SerialTypeTimeInputStatus DLNo Relay2 On/Off Time2 Relay 3 On/Off Time3 1. 2. 3. Analog2 On/Off Time4 4. Serial Number-Packet Structure

27. Record ID -Packet Structure Record ID : A number indicating the type of information i.e Analog or Digital. Serial Record ID TimeInputStatus DLNo Analog / Digital

28. CRC-Packet Structure The information when passed in a network may be corrupted due to noise etc.How can you identify this ?? CRC : Cyclic redundancy Check- is the best validation algorithm to identify the error, if any in the data packets.This Byte relates to this checking mechanism.

29. Facilities for viewing information in the Data-logger and printing. A Printer can be connected to a data-logger to have a hard copy of events recorded The all Inputs status can be viewed in the Data- logger LCD screen as follows One row at a time Status of all Inputs Signal Name Contact Status Signal 0001 Occupied

30. Printout of Status of Relays at Data-Logger Date-Time Relay Status

31. Relay Information at the Computer

32. What is the Use of Relay On-Off information Let us Take an example of a Point M/c working Normal Sequence Failure situation Nwkr & Rwkr both ‘down’ for 25 seconds

33. Point Normal operation

34. Point Failure condition

35. Loose packing Failure ConditionNormal operation NWKR status change when TPR ‘Down’

36. Signal blanking Failure conditionNormal operation All the ECRs ‘Down’ for 10 seconds

37. What is the Use of Relay On- Off Information The correct operation & abnormal operation of all the relays can be understood by analyzing the sequence of relay operations.

38. No Of Basic Relay Operations As Train Moves in a station yard an average of 50 Relays operate generating nearly 100 data packets. For a station where some 100 trains pass thru daily the no. rises to 10,000. For a network having some 30 DLs the No. of data Packets on a whole become 3,00,000.

39. Volume Of Data This huge information needs to be filtered for a better analysis – isn’t it ? So what may be the criteria * Data-logger Name * Relay Name & Type * Date-Time Range

40. Filtering Relays

41. Filtered Relay Report 113 Point Relays Operation

42. Filtering Analog Channels

43. Selected Analog Channel Report Sudden dip in all the AC Voltages

44. Analog Channel Graphs Variations in Supply

45. How Can You Identify the abnormal sequence of Relay Operation ? An abnormal sequence of relay operation which should be highlighted by the system, as the relays operate is termed as a Fault Logic. A Fault Entry Software gives us the facility to define the sequence of operations. With this Information, NMDL Software, while taking data packets from the all the stations highlights any abnormal sequence of activity. Logics In Analysis

46. Fault Entry Software Logic NMDL Software Data Packets From Data Loggers Fault Files Fault Conclusions 1.Online Relay Status 2.Online Analog Status 3.Online Simulation Computer Hard Disk -------------- ------------- Block Diagram of the Process Involved - 1

47. Fault Entry Screen Part 1 Part 2 New Logic

48. Online fault Pop Up Screen Identification of faults

49. Conveying Message of Fault Occurred to the Data Logger Through Tele-controls Faults

50. Fault Report Filtering

51. Detailed Fault Report

52. Fault Report with Signal Information

53. Quick analysis of Failures Faults Summary Report The Intensity of the Fault can be got from the FCount

54. What are the items you need for analyzing the sequence of an operation??? The operational details of all the Relays connected in a circuit are required, whereas only a few relays are connected to the Data- logger.Due to this and many other factors,the conclusions made from this available information have their own limitations.

55. TPR Fail Logic Used IF TPR1, TPR2, TPR3 are in sequence then If TPR1 UP - TPR2 DOWN- TPR3 UP Triggering Relay : TPR2 TPR Bobbing Logic Used IF TPR DOWN TO UP OR UP TO DOWN Within the time interval. Examples of common Logics

56. Track failure Failure ConditionNormal operation A36ATpr,A37BTPR,A39ATpr are in sequence Track Dn condition occurring in maintenance of tracks resulted in Track fail Logic wrongly

57. Cause of common Logic Limitations Logic Limitation 1.Due to Track maintenance 2. Due to momentary Bobbing of TPR2 3.The POR(Power ON Relay) if not considered in the Logic, Fault may be popped up wrongly

58. Point Machine Fail NWKR is down and RWKR is down for more than given time interval. Loose packing When TPR1 is down, then the corresponding NWKR, RWKR should not change their status. Triggering signals are NWKR, RWKR. Examples of common Logics

59. Point fail Failure condition Normal operation

60. Loose packing Failure ConditionNormal operation

61. Signals –Blanking – RECR down and HECR down and DECR down for more than given time interval –Bulb fusing – After HR / DR goes up and if corresponding ECR is not up with in the given time interval. Triggering signal is HR. –Flown back to danger - If TPR is DOWN then RR should be UP,ASPR should be DOWN, DR should be UP and DECR should be UP. Examples of common Logics

62. Signal blanking Failure condition Normal operation

63. Cause of common Logic Limitations Logic Limitation Due to maintenance or due to momentary Bobbing of a Relay or due to non inclusion of LVR in a Logic, Fault may be declared wrongly

64. Route set failure After button1 is up and button2 is up and signal is not up within the time interval sequence is checked. Triggering signals are Button1, Button2. Route Cancellation failure. After button1 is up and button2 is up and route is not cancelled within the time interval sequence is checked. Triggering signals are Button1, Button2.

65. Circuit Failure HR Circuit failure. Button1, Button2 are up and after time interval if HR is DOWN Quick Identification of failures Relays which attained improper status

66. Cause of common Logic Limitations Logic Limitations Maintenance Momentary Bobbing of Relays Non-Availability of all the Relays Due to the above limitations some times Fault may be show up wrongly.

67. Importance of Analyzing Relay status changes After seeing the above cases of Limitations in various Logics,What do You feel is the better way of concluding about the failures? The Faults triggered and shown to you in various reports,the corresponding relay information should be carefully studied before concluding the results.

68. Introduction to Simulation At This Juncture don’t You see that a better analysis can be done, with pictures of yard, showing the status of relays changing with time ??

69. Filtering Information for Simulation

70. Simulation Train Passing through Textual Display of changed Relay status

71. Easy assessment of situations by Officers through Summary Reports

72. Summary Fault Filtering

73. Summary Reports Number of Operations of various Point Machines

74. Some Frequent problems occurring in Data-Loggers are: 1. Chattering inputs 2. Validity of contact 3. Data entry Validation

75. Relay Report indicating Chattering Problem Chattering On for 4 seconds

76. Chattering Relays Report

77. Validity Of Entered information The Relay Name & Contact Type is to be carefully noted for all the inputs and entered in the database at the computer end, as negative logic is used for Back contacts.

78. The Fault Logics used should be tried and tested regularly and well tuned for better conclusions. Validity Of Entered information

79. For Analog channels the Minimum, Maximum voltages and Multiplication Factor are to be carefully selected. Validity Of Entered information

80. PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE OF SYSTEM

81. Life Time & Bulb operations

82. Predicting Failures Points working HARD WLR does not change its status from UP to Down within the given time interval. Frequently Bobbing Relays

83. The complete statistics of a Signal i.e. Down Time & Count, Up Time & Count, Current Status, and Date & Time of change in the status etc give the information about Relays operating too frequently and help in Preventive Maintenance. Preventive Maintenance

84. Relay Operations Frequency of Relay Operations

85. Signal UP Count

86. Signal Down Count

87. ANALOG VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS

88. Battery Discharge condition

89. Fluctuations in AC causing Fluctuations in DC due to the problem in charger

90. Fluctuations in a weak Battery

91. What Have you Learnt in this Module??? What is a Data-logger? How is it storing the changes in the Relay status ? How a better analysis of sequence of relay operations and analog voltages, be done ? How a better predictive and preventive maintenance is possible? What are the common problems in relay contacts and voltage channels?

92. Part 1

93. Part 2

94. New Logic Entry

95. 10,00,000 Bytes is called 1 Mega Byte or 1 MB. 1000 MB storage space is called 1Giga Byte(GB). Normally Computer Memory i.e Hard Disk size varies in Giga Bytes ‘0’ or ‘1’ is called a ‘Bit’. 8 Bits placed together form a ‘Byte’. 10,00,000 such Bits is called 1 Mega Bit. Normally a Data logger storage space size varies in multiples of 4 Mega Bits. 01010101 1 Byte