1. Mexico Gains Independence

2. Spanish Empire
Red River and Sabine River officially become New Spain’s borders

3. Inspiration for Revolution:
American Revolution The U.S. fights Great Britain for their independence
French Revolution The French rise up against their king and create a new government

4. Reasons for Revolution:
Tired of Spanish Rule
King enforced royal laws that colonist found unfair
Jobs
best jobs in New Spain were saved for the Spaniards (not Criollos, Mestizos, Native Americans or Blacks).
Taxes
Spanish were taxing Mexicans to pay for their wars overseas.

5. UNREST IN MEXICO
In 1809 Napoleon would invade Spain and put his brother in charge of the country.
Mexicans didn’t trust the new Napoleon controlled Spain.
Mexicans also began to embrace the ideas of this period known as the “Enlightenment” that kings did not have a God given right to rule and that people have natural rights
Spain

6. Government’s Role in Enlightenment
Support the people’s natural rights and interests
If government failed to do this, it should then be replaced.

7. People of the Spanish Empire
Spaniards (Peninsulares) = people who came directly from Spain to live in the New World
Criollos = people of pure Spanish blood but born in New Spain (New World)
Mestizos = people of mixed Native American and Spanish blood
Mulattos = people of mixed African and Spanish blood
Blacks
Native Americans

8. Leader of the Mexican Revolution
Father Miguel Hidalgo -
Catholic Priest & “Father of the Country”
September 16, he called Mexicans to fight Spain for their freedom

9. Battle of Medina
Republican forces of the Gutierrez-Magee Expedition vs Spanish Royalist Army
August 18, 1813
Along the Medina River south of San Antonio
Republican army lost, but encouraged others to participate in revolution

10. Disagreements and Defeat
Americans wanted a republic, but the Mexicans wanted a government with appointed officials.
Americans wanted independence from Mexico, and Mexicans did not.
The Spanish defeated the Republican Army in 1813.

11. End of the Mexican Revolution
Agustin de Iturbide ( E Tour BE Day) was a General who switched to the Mexican Revolutionary side and eventually drove the Spanish Army out of Mexico.
The 1821 Treaty of Córdoba would give Mexico its independence and make Iturebide its Emperor
Agustin de Iturbide

12. Outcome of the War 11 year war 1821 – Mexico independence from Spain
1824 – Mexican Constitution of 1824
Texas became a province (state) of Mexico called Coahuila y Tejas.
The land of Texas was combined with Coahuila to form the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas

13. Mexican Constitution of 1824
Mexico’s lawmakers elect the president
No freedom of religion
Roman Catholicism – official religion
Similar to the US Constitution
Republic government
Federalism
Separation of Powers