1. 3.03 Remember the Structures, Functions, & Disorders of the Ears

2. 3.03 Remember the Structures, Functions, & Disorders of the Ears
Essential Questions:
What are the structures of the ears?
What are the functions of the ears?
What are some disorders of the ears?
How are disorders of the ears treated?

3. Structures & Functions of the Ears

4. Structures & Functions of the Ears
OUTER EAR
MIDDLE EAR
Also known as the tympanic cavity
INNER EAR
Also known as the labyrinth
3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

5. Structures & Functions of the Ears
Outer ear:
PINNA- (aka: Auricle)
collects sound waves
sends them to canal
AUDITORY CANAL-
(aka: ear canal)
Leads to eardrum
Lined with Ceruminous glands
3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

6. Structures & Functions of the Ear
Outer ear:
CERUMINOUS GLANDS-
Produce earwax (cerumen- lines & protects ear canal)
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-
(aka: Eardrum)
Between the outer and the middle ear
transmits sound waves to the ossicles

7. Structures & Functions of the Ear
Middle ear (Tympanic Cavity):
OSSICLES-
Tiny bones (3)
Transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear
HAMMER (Malleus)
ANVIL (Incus)
STIRRUP (Stapes)

8. Structures & Functions of the Ear
Middle ear (Tympanic Cavity):
EUSTACHIAN TUBE-
Connects the pharynx to the middle ear
Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear

9. Structures & Functions of the Ears
Inner ear (Labyrinth):
COCHLEA-
“Organ of Hearing”
Spiral-shaped passage of hearing
Contains the organ of Corti
Transmits vibrations to the hearing center of the brain

10. Structures & Functions of the Ears
Inner ear (Labyrinth):
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS-
Contain a liquid & delicate hair-like cells
Bend when head & body moves
Sends messages to cerebellum to maintain balance/equilibrium

11. Structures & Functions of the Ears
Label the Structures

12. Structures & Functions of the Ears
PATHWAY OF HEARING:
Sound waves ➢ Pinna (Outer ear) ➢ Auditory canal ➢ Tympanic membrane ➢ Ossicles (Hammer, Anvil, Stapes) ➢ Cochlea ➢ Cochlea nerve ➢ Temporal lobe of the Brain

13. How the Ear Works

14. Healthy Hearing WHAT ARE DECIBELS? HOW DO YOU PROTECT YOUR HEARING?
The measurement of sound
Loud noise for for too long will damage your hearing
HOW DO YOU PROTECT YOUR HEARING?
Turn down volume
Ear plugs
Noise-cancelling headphones

15. Disorders of the ear OTOSCOPE: Lighted instrument to view the ear
OTOLARYNGOLOGIST: Specialist of the ear and throat

16. Disorders of the Ear EXTERNAL OTITIS: Inflammation of the ear canal
Discuss what you see in this picture? (Besides a Q-tip!)
What causes external otitis?
Bacterial infection due to excessive water exposure, use of q-tips
How can it be prevented?
Proper ear care, avoid water

17. NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
Disorders of the Ear
OTITIS MEDIA:
Infection of the middle ear
Who is most at risk of having
otitis media?
Most common in children due to a short Eustachian tube; often a complication of the common cold
Symptoms:
Earache, pain, fever, drainage of fluid from the ear
What are the treatment options?
Antibiotics, myringotomy (an opening put in the tympanic membrane), tubes in the ear
NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
OTITIS MEDIA
MYRINGOTOMY

18. Disorders of the Ear OTOSCLEROSIS:
Tube Insertion video
OTOSCLEROSIS:
Inherited disorder; the stapes bone becomes spongy then hardens
What is it?
Oto- sclerosis
Why is a stapedectomy?
Useful in treating otosclerosis
Hearing is re-routed
Otosclerosis video

19. Disorders of the Ear MENIERE’S DISEASE:
Semicircular canals of the inner ear are affected, causing vertigo (dizziness)
What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease?
Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
What causes these symptoms?
Unknown
How is it treated?
Bedrest, medication, avoid salt, caffeine, nicotine, eat a balanced diet, plenty of H2O

20. Disorders of the Ear TINNITUS: What is Tinnitus? Ringing in the ears
Tinnitus is a symptom, not a disorder.
What is Tinnitis caused by?
May be caused by impacted wax, otitis media, Otosclerosis, blockage of blood supply to the cochlea, loud noises

21. Disorders of the Ear Presbycusis: Deafness due to aging
Who is most likely to develop Presbycusis?
Elderly
Can be helped with hearing aides

22. What is the difference between conductive hearing loss and
Disorders of the Ear
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS:
Due to wax or fluid build up that blocks sound to the inner ear
Fluid in middle ear
Abnormal bone growth
SENSORY HEARING LOSS:
Caused by damage to parts of the inner ear or auditory nerve
What is the difference between
conductive hearing loss and
sensory hearing loss?
How can they be treated?

23. Testing for hearing loss
Rinne test
Weber test
Compare these two tests.
How are they diagnostic?

24. Structures, Functions & Disorders of the Ear THE END