1. The resource for testing of Leptospirosis On site

2. Leptospirosis Caused by bacteria leptospires:
long, thin, motile spirochetes
maintained in the genital and urinary tract
Characterized by Weil’s in 1886
Also known as infectious jaundice
Animals are the natural host
The infection is often wrongly diagnosed due to the wide range of symptoms.
Wrong diagnosis leads to potentially
fatal infections of the kidney, liver, brain, lung or heart

3. A Global Infection High Low Annual rates of leptospira infection
0.02 per 100,000 population in temperate climates
100 to 500 times increased rate in tropical climates
Associated with heavy rainfall or flooding

4. Transmission Route Transmitted to humans by
direct exposure with urine or tissue of an infected animal:
Rodents
Raccons
Oopossums
Cattle
Swine
Dogs
Horses
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goats

5. Leptospirosis Does Not Discriminate the Rich & Poor

6. Risk of Exposure An occupational hazard A recreational hazard
Outdoor sporting in contaminated lakes & rivers:
camping
swimming
kayaking
rafting
Outdoor laborers /animal workers:
farmers
mine workers
sewer workers
slaughter house workers
veterinarians
animal caretakers
fish workers
military personnel

7. Leptospirosis Prevention
Vaccinate your pets to protect them and your family members against this disease
Avoid contact with animal urine or body fluids, particularly with any open wounds
Do not swallow, swim or walk in water that may contain animal urine
Wear protective clothing or footwear near soil or water that may be contaminated with animal urine

8. Leptospirosis Course
2 days – 4 wks In 2nd week

9. Common Symptoms of Leptospirosis
High fever
Headache
Chills
Muscle aches
Vomiting
Jaundice
Red eyes
Abdominal Pain
Diarrhea
Rash

10. Leptospirosis Complications If not diagnosed and treated
Ards
Azotemia
Meningitis
Extreme fatigue
Hemorrhage
Hearing loss
Respiratory distress
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Hepatomegaly
Weil's disease (liver and renal failure)
Fatality rate is 1 to 5%!
Hepatomegaly

11. Leptospirosis Treatment
A curable Infection!
Can be treated with antibiotics such as Doxycycline or Penicillin
Treatment is most effective when started promptly
people with symptoms suggestive of leptospirosis
should contact a health care provider for an on site rapid test

12. The Threat of Leprospirosis
Show false recovery for a while
misdiagnosed
Not seek medical care
Phase I
Flu like symptoms
2-4 weeks
Life threatening!
Phase II
severe complications
in 2 weeks
An Early & Differential Diagnosis Is Required!

13. Diseases Resembling Leptospirosis
Light symptoms
differentiation from
Influenza
other related viral diseases
Middle to high severity symptoms
differentiation from
Dengue fever
Other hemorrhagic fevers
Other fevers
Hepatitis
Viral meningitis
Malaria
Typhoid fever

14. Current Leptospirosis Diagnostics
• Epidemiologic history
History of contact with stagnant contaminated water or rodents
• MAT as gold standard to detect antibodies
limited to reference institutes, large panel of the leptospria are required to
make the test reagent;
Positive result 10–12 days after the first clinical symptoms and signs
• Urine, blood, CSF culture
The median time for positive result is from 3 weeks to 3 months;
Useless for diagnosis, but is commonly used in research.
• PCR
Early, accurate diagnosis, but expensive and is commonly used in research
Serology antibody test
Positive results seen in 5-10 days after infection, commonly used

15. CTK Leptospirosis Test Kit
CE !
OnSite Leptospira IgG /IgM Combo Rapid Test
Detects IgG and IgM in one test device
Can use serum, plasma & whole blood
Simple procedure, result in 15 minutes
Requires minimal training without equipment
The most sensitive rapid test kit on market

16. OnSite Leptospira IgG /IgM Combo Test Window

17. OnSite Leptospira IgG/IgM Combo Kit
CE !
Catalog: R0101C
1 drop of specimen drop of sample diluent Result

18. Test Result Interpretation
OnSite Leptospira IgG/IgM Combo Kit
Test Result Interpretation
Negative
IgM Positive
IgG Positive
IgM+G Positive
No infection Fresh early Re-infection Current Infection
Infection late stage infection

19. OnSite Leptospira IgG /IgM Combo kit Performance
Sensitivity and Specificity
Stability
Stable for 4 months at 45°C
Stable for 18 months at 2-30°C
Test
Sensitivity
Specificity
OnSite IgM
40%-90%
90-99 %
OnSite IgG
90%-100%
Competitors
28% - 48%
Simple, cost effective on site screening test
to indicate for leptospira infection

20. CTK Leptospira Differential Test kits
CTK OnSite Rapid Test Kits
Major Symptoms
CE Status
OnSite influenza A/B Rapid test
Headache,
muscle ache CE
OnSite Hepatitis A, B, C and E Rapid Test
Fever, jaundices
N/A
OnSite Malaria Ab and Ag Rapid Test
Chill, fever,
headache
OnSite Dengue IgG/IgM and Ag Rapid Test
Fever, headache
OnSite CHIK IgM Rapid Test
OnSite Flariasis IgG/IgM Rapid Test
Fever
OnSite Rotavirus Ag Rapid Test
Fever, vomiting diarrhea
OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Rapid Test

21. Leptospirosis - Final Message
Infectious disease caused by leptospires
Transmitted to humans by direct exposure to urine or tissue of an infected animal.
Typically progresses through two phases of nonspecific symptoms.
Pets may also be at risk of contracting leptospirosis.
Treated with antibiotics and it is rarely fatal if treated promptly.
For early, cost effective, differential diagnosis
Ask for OnSite Leptospira IgG/IgM Combo test kit!

22. For Onsite leptospira Test Kit Information
Local distributor
CTK contact information:
San Diego, CA 92121, USA