1. Data Base Management System

2. Data Base Management System
Data can be a facts related to any object in consideration
Eg:
Name, Age, Height,.. are related to human
Student, Faculty, Classroom… are related to college

3. Data Base Management System
Data base is a systematic collection of data.
Since data in the database is organized, it makes the data management easy.
Eg:
For a college database might contains information about the following data
Rollno, Student, Branch,..
The relation ship between data such as student rollno in which branch etc.

4. Data Base Management System
Data Base Management System (DBMS)
DBMS is a collection of programs which enables its users to access database, manipulate data, and help in representation of data.
It also helps to control access to various users
DBMS is a collection of software designed to assist in maintaining and utilizing large collections of data.
The alternative to using a DBMS is to store the data in files and write application-specific code to manage it.

5. Data Base Management System
Data Base Management System (DBMS)
Eg:
Online telephone directory use DBMS to store phone no, name and other details
Electricity service provider use a DBMS to manage billing, client related issues, etc.
Facebook- uses a DBMS to store, manipulate and present data, message….

6. Data Base Management System
History
DBMS first implemented in 1960 by Charles Bachman
Called the Integrated Data Store(IDS).
It is the basis for the network data model
In the late 1960s, IBM developed the Information Management System (IMS) used even today in many major installations.
It formed the basis for the hierarchical data model.

7. Data Base Management System
History
In 1970, Edgar Codd, proposed a new data representation framework called the relational data model.
In the 1980s, The SQL query language for relational databases, developed as part of IBM's System
SQL was standardized in the late 1980s.
Current standard, SQL:1999, was adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

8. Data Base Management System
History
In the late 1980s and the 1990s Several vendors (e.g., IBM‘sDB2, Oracle 8, Informix2 UDS) developed their systems with the ability to store new data types such as images and text, and to ask more complex queries.
Now DBMS are very familiar in web base system

9. Data Base Management System
Types of DBMS
Hierarchical DBMS
Network DBMS
Relational DBMS
Object oriented relational DBMS

10. Data Base Management System
Types of DBMS
Hierarchical DBMS
Employs the child relation ship for storing data
like a tree structure
Eg: windows registry in XP
Network DBMS
Support many to many relationships
Represents complex database structures
Eg: RDM server

11. Data Base Management System
Types of DBMS
Relational DBMS
Defines database relationships with relations
Does not support many to many relationships
Have pre defined data types
Eg: MYSql, Oracle, MS-SQL server
Object oriented relational DBMS
Data are stored in the form of objects
Objects are store in the form of attributes
Eg: postgres SQL

12. Data Base Management System
File System Versus DBMS
Concurrent access Anomalies
Data redundancy
Difficulty in accessing data
Data isolation
Atomicity Problem
Security Problem

13. Data Base Management System
File System Versus DBMS
Concurrent access Anomalies
File system will not allow to access the same data by multiple users at same time- it leads to inconsistent (not correct) of data
Data redundancy (repetition of data)
Data is repeated in file system it needs more storage
For different data, the application program may be changed – it need more storage
Difficulty in accessing data
No efficient way to access data. Write more lines of code for retrieving data from file system

14. Data Base Management System
File System Versus DBMS
Data isolation
Difficulty in retrieving appropriate data
Data may be in different format
Go through the application program and change the code for retrieving different data in file system
Atomicity Problem
File system cannot restored to a consistent stage after a failure or crash
Security Problem
User can access any part of the file system

15. Data Base Management System
Advantages of DBMS
Data Integrity
Roll Back
Security
Concurrency Control
Backup
Data Independence

16. Data Base Management System
Advantages of DBMS
Data Integrity (Accuracy or correctness of Data)
DBMS can enforce integrity constraints.
For example, before inserting information DBMS can check the data.
Roll Back
Undo an executed statement
Security
No unauthorized user access
it can enforce access controls

17. Data Base Management System
Advantages of DBMS
Concurrency Control
Multiple user access can access of change same data at same time
Backup
Copies for security, can take copy of data
Data Independence
The DBMS provides an abstract view of the data that hides some details which are related with.

18. Data Base Management System
Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS
DBMS is concerned with some real-world enterprise
For example, there are students, faculty, and courses in a university, are the data in a university database describes these entities and their relationships.
A data model is a collection of high-level data description constructs that hide many low-level storage details.
A DBMS allows a user to define the data to be stored in terms of a data model.
Most DBMS today are based on the relational data model

19. Data Base Management System
Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS
A semantic data model is a more abstract, makes it easier for a user.
A widely used semantic data model called the entity-relationship (ER) model

20. Data Base Management System
Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS
The Relational Model
A description of data in terms of a data model is called a schema.
In the relational model, the schema for a relation specifies its name, the name of each field (or attribute or column), and the type of each field.
As an example, student information in a university database may be stored in a relation with the following schema:
Students( sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer)

21. Data Base Management System
Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS
The Relational Model
Students( sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer)
The preceding schema says that each record in the Students relation has 4 fields, with field names and types as indicated.
Sid
name
login
age
100
ajith
popo 25
101
sajith pp 23
102
raji
103
kukku
koo 34
104
appu
appus