2. 1 Chemistry Instructional Goal: upon completion of this topic, the student will have a better understanding of potentially hazardous situations involving corrosives, solvents, oxidizers, and reactive chemicals.

3. 2 Chemical Awareness b Hazardous substances are used in business and industry. A basic knowledge of chemical hazard classes, chemical terms, and a basic chemical hazard awareness is required by OSHA.

4. 3 HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD 29 CFR 1910.1200 The employer’s Haz Com program must include: b Conduct a chemical inventory. b Obtain and file MSDSs for all chemicals. b Label all containers. b Train employees about the hazards. b The Haz Com program must be written and available to employees.

5. 4 Material Data Safety Sheet b Product ID and manufacturer name b Hazardous ingredients b Physical / chemical characteristics b Fire and explosion hazard data b Reactivity data b Health hazard data b Safe handling and use b Control measures

6. 5 LABELING b Chemical identity and/or trade name of the hazardous material. b Hazard warning(s). b Name and address of chemical manufacturer.

7. 6 LABELING 4 3 2 W NFPA 704 HMIS

8. 7 Chemical Awareness b Chemical names and terms can be very confusing and misleading, but can alert a worker to a chemical that has a potential to harm. b Chemical names and hazards must be verified with an MSDS or other such source

9. 8 Chemical Names with Potential Hazard b aluminum b barium b chlorine b copper b lead b mercury

10. 9 Word Fragments b -ite b -ate b nitro- b acryl- b chloro- b isocyan-

11. 10 Corrosive Class Chemicals Corrosives are the second most commonly used and transported group of hazardous materials. A corrosive material is defined as “any liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel”.

12. 11 Corrosive Class Chemicals b bases (caustics) b acids (corrosives)

13. 12 Corrosives

14. 13 Chemical Awareness b pH range is from 0 - 14 b Acids low pH numberlow pH number high concentration of (H + ) ionshigh concentration of (H + ) ions b Bases high pH numberhigh pH number low concentration of (H + ) ionslow concentration of (H + ) ions

15. 14 pH Scale

16. 15 Acid-Base Neutralization

17. StrongWeak Strong vs Weak Strength of a Corrosive: is the % dissociation of the corrosive when mixed with water. HCl100% HCl 100% H & Cl +- Strong (Strong: 100% dissociation) CH 3 COOH 2%98% CH 3 COOH 2% H & CH 3 COO + 98% CH 3 COOH +- Weak (Weak: only 2% dissociation)

18. 17 CONCENTRATION The amount of material in a given volume of water. The larger the number before the term the more concentrated the solution. 1M soln > 0.1M soln MolarPercent

19. 18 Strength vs Concentration b strong vs weak amount of dissociationamount of dissociation b concentrated vs dilute amount of additional solvent (H 2 O)amount of additional solvent (H 2 O)

20. 19 Corrosive Hazards b destroy living tissue b chemical burn is 9 times more damaging than a thermal burn b extent of injury from corrosive exposure: concentration of corrosiveconcentration of corrosive quantity of corrosivequantity of corrosive body area affectedbody area affected duration of contactduration of contact

21. 20 Corrosive Hazards b Vapor - far reaching InhalationInhalation b Liquid skin/eye contact - splashskin/eye contact - splash b Solid Inhalation of dustInhalation of dust skin/eye contactskin/eye contact

22. 21 Protective Measures b common exposures and protection hands - gloveshands - gloves nose, throat, airway - respiratornose, throat, airway - respirator feet - closed toe shoesfeet - closed toe shoes face - faceshieldface - faceshield eyes - goggles or glasses with side-shieldseyes - goggles or glasses with side-shields

23. 22 Treatment for Skin Exposure b flush with water: physically remove corrosivephysically remove corrosive dilution of corrosivedilution of corrosive

24. 23 Hazardous Mixtures b Corrosives and Poisons release toxic gasesrelease toxic gases b Corrosives and Ignitable Materials many possible reactions depending on chemicalsmany possible reactions depending on chemicals some corrosion are oxidizerssome corrosion are oxidizers

25. 24 Hazardous Mixtures b Corrosives and Water violent reactionviolent reaction generation of heatgeneration of heat production of a vapor cloudproduction of a vapor cloud over-pressurization of containerover-pressurization of container b Corrosives and Metal destruction of metaldestruction of metal Never store corrosives in a metal container! production of hydrogen gasproduction of hydrogen gas HOT

26. 25 Polychlorinated Biphenyls - PCBs b found in plants, animals, and soil around the world b transported throughout the biosphere by several pathways b suspected human carcinogen

27. 26 Solvents b halogenated solvents –hydrocarbon solvents that contain one or more halogen atoms (Cl, F, or Br) attached to the hydrocarbon molecule. b flammable solvents A hydrocarbon solvent having a flashpoint below 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.)A hydrocarbon solvent having a flashpoint below 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.)

28. 27 Solvent Hazards b Primary Hazard Chemical Physical hazardChemical Physical hazard b Secondary hazard Chemical Health hazardChemical Health hazard

29. 28 Fire and Explosion b Oxidizer b Fuel b Ignition source

30. 29 Acute Health Hazards b Inhalation NauseaNausea Headaches and drowsinessHeadaches and drowsiness Irritation of mucous membranes of the respiratory passageIrritation of mucous membranes of the respiratory passage Muscular weaknessMuscular weakness Loss of coordinationLoss of coordination Disorientation and confusionDisorientation and confusion Unconsciousness and sometimes deathUnconsciousness and sometimes death

31. 30 Acute Health Hazards Skin/eye contactSkin/eye contact  Removal of skin oils resulting in irritation  Cracking and Rashes on the skin  Dermatitis  Burning and Irritation of eyes

32. 31 Do’s for Solvents b Read the container label and MSDS before you use the chemical. b Keep the work area clean. Fewer spills happen in clean work areas. b Use protective clothing and equipment when operating procedures call for themoperating procedures call for them MSDS recommends itMSDS recommends it over-exposures are detected or expected over-exposures are detected or expected

33. 32 Do’s for Solvents b Use only approved and labeled containers for storing and transporting solvents. b Make sure there is proper ventilation when using solvents. b Keep flammables away from heat and ignition sources. b Check that containers and hoses are in good working condition.

34. 33 Don’ts for Solvents b DON'T leave containers open when not in use. b DON'T siphon by mouth. b DON'T depend on a "funny smell" to detect hazardous gases in the air - some are odorless. b DON'T breathe gases produced from chemical reactions.

35. 34 b DON'T mix solvents - unless instructed to; follow instructions exactly and double check b DON'T smoke, eat or drink around hazardous substances. b DON'T wear contact lenses around toxic vapors. b DON'T track hazardous materials from one location to the next. Don’ts for Solvents

36. 35 Don’ts for Solvents b DON'T store hazardous chemicals next to each other without checking the MSDS for possible reactions. b DON'T work by yourself; have someone nearby who knows where you are and what you're doing at all times. b DON'T cut corners on hazardous substance handling procedures.

37. 36 Treatment for Solvent Exposure b 15 minute flush at a minimum b wash skin with soap and water

38. 37 Oxidizers b oxidizing elements O 2, Cl 2 O 2, Cl 2 b oxysalts NO 3, ClO 3 NO 3, ClO 3 b inorganic peroxides b certain acids b organic peroxides

39. 38 Hazards of Oxidizers b intensify combustion b spontaneous ignition b explosion b produce toxic fumes b gaseous oxidizers

40. 39 Water Reactive Metals b lithium b sodium b potassium b beryllium b magnesium b calcium

41. 40 Unstable Materials b Alkali Metals - Na, K, Li b Organic peroxides - acetyl peroxide, MEK peroxide b Monomers - styrene, vinyl chloride Unstable is defined as any material that will spontaneously decompose, polymerize, or self-react under conditions of shock, temperature, or pressure

42. 41 Explosives b igniter b primer b detonator b booster charge b main charge Main Charge Booster Charge Detonator Primer Igniter