1. Specification & Quantities Estimating
Lecturer
Maha Muhaisen
College of Applied Engineering& Urban Planning

2. Course Aims & Objectives
At the completion of this course, the student will:
Recognize the preliminary and detailed estimating methods and focusing on the elements for construction projects
To be familiar with cost analysis and preparation for bidding.
Understanding and be familiar with the construction specification in particular for building.

3. Course Outline Part 1 : Quantity Survey
Introduction to Engineering project including project cycle, & bidding documents.
Quantities surveying and calculation of different areas.
Methods of measurement of the works.
Pricing & cost analysis.
Payment certificate.
Application on Engineering project

4. Part 2 : Technical specification
Earth works
Concrete works
Masonry works
Plastering
Tiling
Metal work
Carpentry work
Painting works
Glazing
Plumbing works
Electrical works

5. The Engineering Project
Mechanical Works
Electrical Works
Structural works
Architectural Works

6. Types of construction Engineering Projects :
Building construction
Roads Construction
Water Systems
Sewerage and Storm water systems

7. Project Cycle Studies, design, tendering Taking- over, and operation
Implementation & supervision

8. Main stages in construction project
1- Concept : identify the project needs, and objectives 2- technical studies as feasibility study, possibility of implementation, primary cost, and possibility of financing …..etc. 3- Preliminary design 4- Detailed design including architectural , structural, electrical, mechanical. 5- Tender documents. 6 – Tendering 7- Contract Award 8- contract agreement 9- starting construction 10- Preliminary handing over the project 11- the operation of the project 12- maintenance period 13- Project final handing over.

9. Construction Project Cycle

10. Tender Documents Invitation to bid Instruction to bidders
Information to bidders & bid data
Biding Forms
General conditions of contract
Specific condition of contract
Specification
BOQ
Drawings
Contract forms

11. The Project Parties The Employer /Owner
The consultant: who appointed by the employer to do the design and bidding documents and supervise the construction work.
The contractor: who was approved by the employer to implement the works according to the submitted bid.

12. Other Parties Municipalities, ministries, suppliers, technicians
Subcontracts, workers,
Insurance companies
Banks and other financing agencies.

13. Construction Project Teams
Main tasks for engineering teams in the project are :
- design
- Implementation / construction
- supervision

14. Construction Project Teams

15. Quantity Surveyor
He the person who is responsible on estimating the quantities from the design drawings, and measurement of the quantities in the site during the project implementation, and preparing the current and final payments.

16. Quantity Surveys (take off)
It is the quantity of works/material take off , required for the completion of project implementation, and listed as items in table of quantities.
In general we can describe quantity survey as follows:
Description and preparation of the bill of quantities and its items required for the tender.
Preparation of the site material, material types, and material distribution.

17. Quantity surveys (take off) .. Cont.
Describe the items and preparing BOQ
Preparing of the cost estimate in BOQ.
Preparation of the list of the site needs (technician / workers)
Preparation of the due payment statements (contractor payments during the construction)

18. Tasks of the Quantity Surveyor
First : in the consultant office :
Stage 1 :During the preparation of bidding documents :
Preparation of the BOQ from the design drawing which part of bidding documents.
Preparation of cost estimate for items listed in BOQ
Review and check the bids submitted from bidders.
Preparation of the lists of the contents of bids received.
Sharing in evaluation and preparation of t recommendation to award the contract to be submitted to owner.

19. Quantity Surveyor Tasks
Stage 2 : During the supervision of the construction
Review and checking the payments submitted from the contractor.
Preparation of the reports about the conformity of the quantities items with contract documents.

20. Second : In the Contractor Company
- During the implementation :
Review and checking the BOQ at the starting of the work.
Prepare the eng. Measurement for the quantities of the finished works.
Prepare lists of the site needs (material, workers, technicians)
Calculate the remuneration of the subcontractors, workers, equipments,…etc.
Prepare the payment statements
Prepare the detailed reports describing the situation of the items quantities, (plus or minus the contract BOQ)

21. Required Skills
Ability to understand the drawings details, design drawings, shop drawings, as built ).
Excellent knowledge of the calculation of the areas and volumes, knowledge of fees of workers e /technicians/ , rules and law of the contracts,
In addition to the knowledge of related financial issues/ taxes, banks transactions, insurances and its implication.
Knowledge of the productivity of the workers and technicians.

22. Stages of the Quantity Survey
Stage1 : preparation of the engineering measurement and calculations of the works during the preparation of the bidding documents (consultant) and
preparation of the measurement of the accomplished works in the site and prepare the payment (contractor)
Stage 2 : preparing BOQ
Stage 3 : review and check the financial payments.

24. Areas, Volumes, & Surface areas
See attached PDF file

25. Next Lecture : Special calculations of the areas and volumes.
Measurement of the works.

26. Method of measurements
1- Conventional measurement (الكيل البلدي)
Depends on experience, and type of project.
Doesn't govern by theories or engineering basics.
Not considered as scientific method.
Doesn't subtract the opening as windows or doors from the block, plastering, painting works and computing whole wall.
Another example : as the every 3 steps in stair = 1 m3
2- Engineering measurement (الكيل الهندسي)
It is calculating all the works finished after subtracting all opening.

27. Cont. example measurement unit
Earth work, earthling system (electrical),,
Works have details difficult to be calculated
Lump-sum (L.S)
As pipes
Works have specific length and width
M.R
Windows, doors,
Works have 3 dim. fixed
No.
as plastering, painting,
Works with specific thickness, M2
Footings, columns, stairs,
Variable dimensions M3
As steel
Have specific width
Ton / kg
Workers wages, equipment,
Labor / equipment
Day / hrs
Cont.

28. Types of construction works
Building construction
Roads construction
Water Booster P.S and piping,
Sewage and storm water P.S and piping.
Electrical construction

29. Preparation of engineering measurements
measurement sheet
project name _________________
contractor name ____________
engineer name _______________

30. Measurement of works / Earth Work
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Site leveling
Lump sum
It takes into consideration all site leveling including the excavation, fill, till reach 0+B.M according to design drawing.
Excavation (cut) m3
Measured by 2 methods :
1- footings areas according to blinding area * depth of excavation according to drawings.
2- external dimensions of the building *depth of footings
Fill (backfill)
= excavation – concrete work for footings and columns under ground level.
= ground plan *depth of ground beams – (concrete for ground beams and ground floors)

31. Measurement of works / concrete works
Concrete works measures engineering measurement
All opening more than 0.1m2 or 0.1 m3 are deducted.
The concrete works more than the areas, volumes in the drawings doesn’t included.

32. Measurement of works / concrete works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Blinding concrete, ground concrete, benching, and slabs concrete with fixed thickness m2
= length * width (the thickness should be specified in the drawings and specifications)
Ribs blocks don’t subtract from the slabs concrete.
Footings, columns, ground beams, stairs, and canopies, m3
= length*width*thickness
Ground beams are measured from its connection with columns
concrete stars include the stairs , steps, stair slabs, walls supporting the stairs.
Concrete decoration works as curves.
No.
The dimensions must be specified in the drawings.

33. Measurement of works / block works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Block works m2
= length * width (the thickness should be specified in the drawings and specifications)
- subtracting all openings more than 0.1 cm2.

34. Measurement of works / Plastering/ painting works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Length * width M2
= length * width
(engineering measurement after subtracting the openings, more than 0.1 m2)
- the area is measured above the skirting (terrazzo chips)
Internal plastering = walls + slabs

35. Measurement of works / tilling works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Terrazzo, marble, ceramic m2
= length * width
(engineering measurement)

36. Measurement of works / Plastering/ painting works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Plastering & painting M2
= length * width
(engineering measurement after subtracting the openings, more than 0.1 m2)
- the area is measured above the skirting (terrazzo chips)
Internal plastering = walls + ceiling

37. Measurement of works / Doors
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Doors
No.
The exact dimensions should be specified in the design drawings.
Sometimes carpentry works measured in m2 or m length according to the item described in BOQ.

38. Measurement of works / Windows
Item
unit
Method of measurement
windows
No.
The exact dimensions should be specified in the design drawings.
Sometimes carpentry works measured in m2 or m length according to the item described in BOQ.

39. Measurement of works / electrical & sanitary works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Electrical and sanitary pieces / accessories
No.
The dimensions should be specified clearly in the design drawings as the sockets, lamps, fluorescent lighting,…etc
(W.C. , washing basins, sinks, manholes, pumps…etc)
piping
M.R
The dimension and details should be specified in the drawings, as (cables, pipes, ..etc)
Works with special detail
Lumps sum
All details should be specified in the drawings, as earthing, gas network,

40. Bill of Quantities
The results in the quantities book, are recorded in the BOQ table.
It is preferable to add 5-10% percentage on the quantities for contingency to avoid any errors or any.

41. Preparation of engineering measurements
measurement sheet
project name _________________
contractor name ____________
engineer name _______________

42. Measurement of works / Earth Work
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Site leveling
Lump sum
It takes into consideration all site leveling including the excavation, fill, till reach 0+B.M according to design drawing.
Excavation (cut) m3
Measured by 2 methods :
1- footings areas according to blinding area * depth of excavation according to drawings.
2- external dimensions of the building *depth of footings
Fill (backfill)
= excavation – concrete work for footings and columns under ground level.
= ground plan *depth of ground beams – (concrete for ground beams and ground floors)

43. Measurement of works / concrete works
Concrete works measures engineering measurement
All openinng more than 0.1m2 or 0.1 m3 are deducted.
The concrete works more than the areas, volumes in the drawings doesn’t included.

44. Measurement of works / concrete works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Blinding concrete, ground concrete, benching, and slabs concrete with fixed thickness m2
= length * width (the thickness should be specified in the drawings and specifications)
Ribs blocks don’t subtract from the slabs concrete.
Footings, columns, ground beams, stairs, and canopies, m3
= length*width*thickness
Ground beams are measured from its connection with columns
concrete stars include the stairs , steps, stair slabs, walls supporting the stairs.
Concrete decoration works as curves.
No.
The dimensions must be specified in the drawings.

45. Measurement of works / block works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Block works m2
= length * width (the thickness should be specified in the drawings and specifications)
- subtracting all openings more than 0.1 cm2.

46. Measurement of works / Plastering/ painting works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Length * width M2
= length * width
(engineering measurement after subtracting the openings, more than 0.1 m2)
- the area is measured above the skirting (terrazzo chips)
Internal plastering = walls + slabs

47. Measurement of works / tilling works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Terrazzo, marble, ceramic m2
= length * width
(engineering measurement)

48. Measurement of works / Plastering/ painting works
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Plastering & painting M2
= length * width
(engineering measurement after subtracting the openings, more than 0.1 m2)
- the area is measured above the skirting (terrazzo chips)
Internal plastering = walls + ceiling

49. Measurement of works / Doors
Item
unit
Method of measurement
Doors
No.
The exact dimensions should be specified in the design drawings.
Sometimes carpentry works measured in m2 or m length according to the item described in BOQ.

50. Bill of Quantities
The results in the quantities book, are recorded in the BOQ table.
It is preferable to add 5-10% percentage on the quantities for contingency to avoid any errors or any.

51. Bill of Quantities See the attached example No. Item description unit
Quantity
Unit price
($ or NIS …)
Total amount 1
The works include……
L.S
See the attached example

52. Bill of Quantities
The items are classified into categories as shown in the next table.
at the end of BOQ, summary of the items are shown as well as the total amount of the price

53. Summary table No. Item Total amount ($ or NIS …) 1-
EXCAVATION & EARTH WORKS 2
CONCRETE WORKS 3-
BLOCK WORK 4-
CARPENTRY 5-
METAL WORK 6-
FINISHING WORKS 7-
PLUMBING WORKS 8-
ELECTRICAL WORKS 9-
MISCELLANEOUS

54. Item description Based on drawings, specification.
It should be accurate and reflect the drawings and specifications,
Description should include :
1- description of the works
2- unit
3- determine the method of measurement.

55. How to read the description
Description of the items
Drawings, details
Specifications
General and specific conditions
Instruction of the supervisor engineer

56. the work price should include
The description of the item should include all the work that the unit price will take account of as will be illustrated in the following

57. 1- Earth work The unit price should include :-
Excavation in any kind of soil, rock, etc., starting at reduced level (bottom of G.B. blinding) down to bottom of foundation blinding including compacting backfill around foundations and shall be applied on layers, 200 mm thick, watered and compacted to 95 % (98%) according to modified AASHTO Density Test T-80.for the excavated foundation and removal of surplus material from site to an approved dumping area complete as per specifications.
Site Leveling. (Excavation of all Site including External Works). Cut and / or fill in any kind of soil, concrete, or asphalt; to the required Levels approved by the Engineer (Reduced Level). Including scraping of top. Any damage to the external walls, fence, etc. should be maintained without any compensations..
Test of the soil (4 points at least)
Safety around the site,
Work according to engineer instruction and specifications

58. Concrete work Concrete works include:
All formworks and shuttering in any form, shape and size. Making chamfered and curved edges, allowing for and making grooves and sleeves and the like; removal of forms and cleaning of all exposed tie wires and rods; making good the harmed surfaces and
Supplying, Casting, vibrating and curing as per specifications.
Approved additives and admixtures.
Incurred costs on Concrete Mix Designs, Sample taking, testing and providing test results certificates, storing and saving of samples, and preparation of bar bending schedules and workshops.
Supplying reinforcement of any grade, size and length as detailed in the drawings, storing on site including cutting, bending and fixing in position and providing all tying wires, spacers, shop drawings, testing and bar bending schedules

59. Concrete work (cont’d)
Painting of exposed surfaces of underground reinforced concrete elements with two coats of Bituminous Emulsion. Supply of Polyethylene sheets under ground slabs.
Steel bars used for alignment and fixing of reinforcement works, and extra steel added to assure proper detailing and safety.
Measurement of Concrete elements shall be the net dimensions as detailed in the drawings. All recesses, openings and voids shall be deducted.
Measurement shall be only for the seen surfaces of elements, overlapping and measuring items twice under separate headings shall not be allowed.
Supplying and fixing of the required steel reinforcement as per drawings and specifications.

60. Block works Rates of Block works include
All works of the bill shall be of Concrete blocks of high quality standards and as per specifications.
Vertical and horizontal joints., Cement and mortar, Galvanized angles and ties., Closed end blocks at all ends, door and window jambs, reveals and the like.
Concrete filling including reinforcing steel to cavities at quoins and door and window openings.
Lintels and bond beams to the full length of the wall,
and all needed to complete job as per drawings and specifications
concrete infill and transporting, placing compacting, curing, surface finishing, protection, construction and expansion joints and all labors and materials and tests.

61. Block works (cont’d)
Block work shall be bonded to concrete columns, wall and the like with concrete infill B250. block must be stopped in graded shape (10-15 cm from the concrete face) one 8 mm bar must cast in columns during casting with 40 cm length fixed every 42 cm horizontally, in addition to two vertical 10 mm bars.

62. Plastering works, includes
The price shall include, all narrow widths, for taking out joints on block walls or backing concrete face for key, for making good to frames around pipes and other fittings , plastering to jambs and reveals of openings (جانب من النافذة بين اطارها وبين السطح الخارجى للجدار), side of columns, window sills; all of which shall be included Price shall also include Expanded metal lath, angle beads at all corners and plaster stops at opening edges, expansion joints, sills, labor, curing, erecting and dismantling of scaffoldings سقالات), additives, pigments and all incidentals required as specified
Material, workmanship,
Galvanized mesh, or plastic mesh,
False ceiling from galvanized mesh and plastering
(fixing mesh , covering it by 3-coats of rough plaster)
 reinforcement of the joints between different material as the joints between the wall and columns.

63. Tilling works
Rate shall include preparation of surfaces under tiles, special tile peace’s for edges and the like, tile surface finishing, Plastic spacers. Pointing and cleaning and all incidental as per specifications.
Supply, Install and Terrazzo Tiles, include, bedding and jointing in cement and sand mortar, pointing with white cement, required sand fill, and polishing, workmanship, and all incidental as per specifications
Isolation works for kitchen and bathroom (layer of fiber glass, and bitumen layers)
Marble includes connections, joints, mortar, and any other needed work.
Supply and install a layer of cement and sand under marble and porcelain , ceramic, according to specification and engineer instruction.
Supply and spread a layer of sand under the tiles.
Any decoration works as drawings

64. Painting works
All Paints shall be supplied to site in sealed container, as approved by the Engineer, and site mixing shall not be permitted.
The Contractor rates shall include for supply of all materials, workmanship, samples, surface preparation , protection of painted surfaces , application to all heights as required of works, repair of all damaged surface, as per specification.

65. CARPENTRY AND JOINERY WORKS (window & doors)
Sizes of carpentry works given in the Bills of Quantities are finished sizes and shall be as per Drawings.
Sizes of doors and other items mentioned in the Bills of Quantities shall allow for tolerance to suit the structural openings shown in the Drawings.
Wooden doors and pair of doors shall be measured in square meter for each structural opening, unless stated otherwise in the Bills of Quantities. Rates for carpentry and joinery work shall include :
Shop and coordinated drawings.
frames, architrave (عارضة ), and other holders
Allowance for plastering and tiling and the like.
Cutting and fitting around obstructions, Bedding and painting.
Grounds, blocking and backings.
Plugging concrete, block work, and stone work , and making good.
Ironmongery including cylindrical locks, handles, stoppers, screws, temporary fixing, re-fixing, oiling and adjusting.

66. STEEL AND ALUMINUM WORKS
Rates for metalwork shall include for :
Preparing shop drawings,
Drilling, counter sinking, screwing, bolting and riveting.
Sub frames, including galvanized steel frames for Aluminum windows and architrave.
Gaskets, sashes, double weather strips and external and internal approved quality silicon filling around frames.
Ironmonger including cylindrical locks (Union or equal) , stoppers, handles, temporarily fixing, refitting, oiling and adjusting.
Providing two keys for each lock .
Glass and glazing including cutting to size, putty and rubber.
Preparing surfaces for and painting one coat of primer before fixing.
Sealing and Painting to any area or width in any location including work in multicolor and cutting in edges.
All other accessories and incidentals required to execute the work.

67. Electrical works
All items price to include Supply, Installing, Connecting and testing unless otherwise indicated, the contractor are requested to have approved full coordinated work shop drawings before starting contract activities, the price also includes all works necessary to implement electrical works in approved manner.
The contractor intended to order main and final distribution panel boards according to approved manufacturer drawings.
The price to include submittals, catalogs, any manufacturer instruction .
The contractor should install and construct all works according to drawings , specification tender documents, and requirement of Electrical Co.
Contractor should also test & submit the electrical
Work to the Electricity Co. & Municipality.

68. PLUMBING, SANITARY AND MECHANICAL WORKS
Rates shall include all fittings , fixtures , appliances and pipe laying Supply of material, workmanship, installation, testing and commissioning.
Rates to include also all peaces and fittings, including by passes , floats, cleaning outlets , automatic vents, vents and stack covers, valves and non return valves and the like needed to complete works as per specifications.
Insulation and painting as called for in specifications.
Excavation and cutting for all pipe laying works, bedding back filling and all works connected with pipe laying.
All ties, sleeves, joints, tie bolts and rods, brackets and the like.
Rates to include Workshops, Coordinated and as- built drawings as approved by the Engineer 68

69. Pricing & price analysis
Before construction three types of pricing :
1- cost estimate
2- pricing
3- cost analysis

70. Preparation of prices
contractor
Cost analysis
pricing
engineer
Cost estimate

71. Factors affecting the pricing
Raw material
Workmanship, labor, sub-contractors
Administration cost including direct cost as salaries, equipments, transportation ..etc. and indirect cost as electricity, communication cost, banks , municipality fees, ,,,etc.
Unforeseen expenses & risk (3-5%)
Insurances
Taxes as income tax, V.A.T,
Profit (7-10%)

72. Productivity of labor
It is necessary to calculate the productivity for the work teams either worker or technicians / equipments to calculate wages, for workers / subcontractors.
Productivity is measured per hour or per day.

73. Pricing analysis stages :
Estimate the price for raw material and workmanship.
Estimate the percentage of the specified work from the total project work . (work item/total work *100%)
Estimate the cost of administration / management , tax, insurances, risk, and profit.
Estimate the total cost for all works item.
Estimate the unit price for each item.

74. Example:
Analyze the prices, and find the unit price for the following, knowing that,
1- Administrative expenses is fixed (1000$) for project
2- Unfixed expenses / indirect (400$)
3- Insurance 200 $

75. ID
Description of work
unit
quantity 1
Concrete footings M3 78 2
Block works for wall (20*20*24cm) M2
100 3
Internal plastering
200 4
Wooden door 90*220
No. 10

76. 1- Price for raw material and workmanship - Concrete footing (B250)ID
Description
Raw material per m3
price
workmanship 1-
Concrete footings (B250)
Concrete
190
100
Steel
170
Wires 5
Nails, bolts 2
Water 1
isolation 3
total
371
Total price (NIS)
471
Total price ($)
134$
Total for 78 m3
134*78 = 10,960 $

77. Block work (20*20*40 cm) ID Description Raw material per m2 price
workmanship
Block 20*20*40
block
12.5*2=25 6
Morter 3
Moving the blocks 2
Joints, concrete fill 5
total 35
Total price (NIS) 41
Total price ($)
11.7
Total for 78 m3
11.7*100= 1170$

78. Internal plastering ID Description Raw material per m2 price
workmanship
Internal plastering
scaffolding
o.5 6
Morter 4
Angles, metal grid, ..etc
0.5
water
total
Total price (NIS) 12
Total price ($)
3.4
Total for m2
3.4*200= 680$

79. Wooden doors 220*90 cm ID Description Raw material per m2 price
workmanship
Wooden door 220*90
material
400 50
Misce. 20
total
420
Total price (NIS)
470
Total price ($)
135
Total for 10 doors
135*10 =1350$

80. percentage of the specified work from the total project workID
Description
Total work price
% from total work 1
Concrete footings (B250)
10960
77.40% 2
Internal plastering
680
4.80% 3
Wooden door 220*90
1350
9.53% 4
Block 20*20*40
1170
8.26% 5
Total
14160
100.00%

81. administration expenses
2- the cost of administration / management , tax, insurances, risk, and profit.
administration expenses ID
Description
fixed (1000$)
variable (400$)
tax (10%)
Insurance
(200$)
risks (5%)
profit (10%)
Total 1
Concrete footings (B250)
774.01
309.6
1096
154.8
548
3978.4 2
Internal plastering
48.02
19.21 68
9.61 34 3
Wooden door 220*90
95.34
38.14
135
19.07
67.5
490.04 4
Block 20*20*40
82.63
33.05
117
16.53
58.5
424.70

82. total cost for all works itemID
Description
stage (1)
stage (2)
total
1.00
Concrete footings (B250)
10,960.00
3,978.42
14,938.42
2.00
Internal plastering
680.00
246.84
926.84
3.00
Wooden door 220*90
1,350.00
490.04
1,840.04
4.00
Block 20*20*40
1,170.00
424.70
1,594.70

83. unit price for each itemID
Description
unit
quantity
unit price
total
1.00
Concrete footings (B250) m3
78.00
191.52
14,938.42
2.00
Internal plastering m2
200.00
4.63
926.84
3.00
Wooden door 220*90 no
10.00
184.00
1,840.04
4.00
Block 20*20*40
100.00
15.95
1,594.70

84. Lecture 7
Estimating & Evaluation

85. Form of evaluation based on cost per unitID
Description
unit
Unit price 1
Concrete footings m3
200 2
Block 20*20*40 m2 20 3
Wooden door 220*90 cm no
300 4
Internal plastering 6

86. Cost per m2 of floor area (residential building)
Description (m2)
stores
Ground floor
First floor
Structural elements 70 80 60
finishing 40
total
110
160
140

87. Cost of housing unit
= cost of m2 * the areas of the unit

88. Analysis of quantities
Analysis to raw material quantities for example :
Concrete : cement, water, aggregate, steel,
Cement in 1m3:
Mixing proportion (4:2:1) = 300kg, 6:3:1 = 200 kg,
8:4:1 = 150 kg
1m3 concrete = 80% aggregates, 40% sand
1m3 (footings) = 60kg

89. Miscellaneous works 1m2 block (40*20*20) = 12.5 block
1m2 tiling (25*25) = 16
1 sack of cement = 1 m2 plastering
1 sack cement = built 100 blocks

90. Estimation of Concrete price
1 m3 concrete consist of :
350 kg cement
1.2 ton aggregates
0.8 ton sand
Price of mixing and pouring, transportation
The total price will be = 0.35 *300NIS+1.3*40+0.8* (mixing)

91. Steel reinforcement
In general and according to practices, the following elements contains , Steel reinforcement
Footings = 60kg/m3
Columns = 200 kg/m3
Ground beams, stairs,= 80kg/m3
Slabs = 17kg/m2

92. Payment certificate
Financial Request for payment, prepared by contractors, and approved by consultant / owner , describing the actual achieved works , by calculating the unit price by the quantity of item done.
It is important for the contractor as well as for the owner. For the contractor, he gets the value of works done, and save to him liquidity
for the owner , he become aware of the progress, achieved (actual) and planned, therefore, he can know if there is any obstacles or delay.

93. Preparation of payment
1- preparation by contractor
Review and approved by the consultant/ supervisor engineer
Pay the amount of the payment request

94. Types of payment certificates
1- interim payment certificate
2- final statement / final payment certificates

95. 1- interim payment certificate
It is request for payment, contains quantity survey for the accomplished works , and other supporting details submitted by contractor over the progress period of the project, .
The amount of each request should not be less than 10% of the contract value or according to contract conditions

96. Contents of the payment certificate
1- Financial Payment Certificate: it is a survey of the accomplished works (actual done), multiplied by its value according to the contract. 2- Measurements : 3- Drawings : as built drawings.

97. Content of the Payment Certificate
It contains :
1- summary, describing the commencement date, project end date, in addition to other data as contract value, variation order, percentage of the accomplished works, value of the current payment, and due payment, any amount to be deducted for retention, Percentage of retention stated in the Contract Data to the total of the above, and Retention Money (if any) stated in the Contract Data; any amounts to be added and deducted for the advance payment , the deduction of amounts certified in all previous Payment Certificates.

98. Payment Certificate
2- total price of the accomplished works, and percentage of the work done in relation to total project.
3- other supporting documents including the description of the items, progress in each item previously and also current, unit price, total percentage of the project progress.
Second : measurements
And it is table of actual quantity survey accomplished, including item description, number, volume (length, width, height) and the total.

99. Payment Certificate
Third : As build drawings, describing the details of the work done,

100. Final payment certificate
It is called the final payment / certificate after the primary taking over the project.
The process of approval as follows:
1- after taking over the project, final request for payment is prepared,
the contractor signed the request for payment and the measurement sheet, and submitting it to engineer / owner.
2- to be paid the following documents should be attached :

101. Copy of taking over certificate signed form the committee
Copy of the bid submitted from the contractor after considering the prices in the request for payment
defect liability security
All tests results
Deduction of the works that mentioned in the taking over or any liquidated damages.
Letters of project extension if it was extended.

102. Final payment certificate
Contents of the final payment certificate :
Application for the request
List of the actual accomplished works and its value.
List of measurements
As build drawings as it was approved from the engineer.

103. Estimating of reinforcement steel for footings & columns

104. Table of reinforcement steel weights :
Diam
Wt of 1m length(kg)
Area of section (mm2)
Perimeter (mm) 6
0.222
0.283
1.884 8
0.395
0.502
2.521 10
0.617
0.785
3.14 12
0.888
1.13
3.768 14
1.209
1.539
4.396 16
1.58
2.01
5.024 18
1.999
2.543
5.652 20
2.468
6.28 22
2.986
3.799
6.908 25
3.856
4.906
7.85 28
4.837
6.154
8.792 32
6.318
8.038
10.048 36
7.996
10.174
11.304 40
9.872
12.56

105. Weight of 1m of steel bar = (diameter, cm)2 * 0.617
Area of section = π r2
Perimeter (mm) = 2 π r

106. Footing table
F4, C4
F3, C3
F2, C2
F1, C1

107. Length of steel Bars :
F1 : 1.5 x 1.3 x 0.45 m, Reinforcement = 11φ12 , & 9 φ12
F2 = 1.7 x 1.5 x 0.45 m, Reinforcement = 13φ12 , & 11 φ12
F3 = 1.9 x 1.7 x 0.45 m, Reinforcement = 14φ12 , & 12 φ12
F4 = 2.1 X 1.9 X 0.5 m, Reinforcement = 16φ12 , & 14 φ12
Concrete cover = 5 cm

108. For F1: Length of steel in longitudinal direction:
Ls = *2 =1.4 m
In vertical direction at both sides = ( *2)/3 *2= 0.24 m
The total for bar in longitudinal direction = *2=1.88 m
The total length for all steel in longitudinal direction = length of 1 bar *number of bars in the direction = 1.88*11=20.57 m
In traverse direction: = 1.3 – 0.05*2+0.12* = 1.68m
Total length for all steel in the short direction = 9 *1.68 = m
The total in both direction = m
WT of steel for one foot type F1 = * 0.888= kg
For all F1 = *4 = kg.

109. 31.693 126.77 ID Item description unit Diam. Length of bar
Total length
Wt of 1m
Total Wt
No. of footings
Total WT for all F1
drawings 1
Reinforcemen t steel for footings : F1 Kg
Φ12
In long directio n = 1.88
In short directio n = 1.68
1.88* *9 = m
0.888
31.693 4
126.77

110. For column neck:
C1 = 25*60, 6φ14
(F1 : 1.5 x 1.3 x 0.45 m, Reinforcement = 11φ12 , & 9 φ12)
Length of one bar:
Excavation depth = 1.5 m, floor height = 0.48 m
Steel leg = 1.5 – (0.05*2)/4 = 0.35 m
The total length = – 0.1 – 0.05 – = m

111. For stirrups:
If length of column section <60cm, one stirrup is needed, but if it is > 60cm, two ties is needed
Concrete cover for column = 2.5 cm
For C1 = 25*60
Length of stirrups= (0.6 – 0.05)*2 = 1.1m
Width of stirrup= ( )*2 = 0.4m
Total length of the stirrup= *2 = 1.66m