1. Global biomass flows in the emerging bioeconomy: A view on the challenges from a technology and innovation management perspective Prof. Dr. Stefanie Bröring Dr. Nina Preschitschek Ravello, 18 June 2015

2. Agenda Challenges of the bioeconomy from TIM perspective
Examples from bioethanol
Implications for TIM research in the bioeconomy

3. Forecast of biofuels feedstock and bioethanol production in 2022
Share of feedstock used for biofuels production
Regional distribution of world ethanol production in 2022
Source: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook

4. Literature analysis on the emerging research landscape of the bioeconomy: TIM perspective
Database: SciVerse Scopus (provided by Elsevier B.V.)
Keywords: ‘bio-based econom* OR biobased economy* OR bio-econom* OR bioeconom*’
Search fields: title, abstract and keywords of journal articles and reviews
Clustering of publications according to subject areas provided by SciVerse Scopus
Publications with research questions of technology and innovation management 6
Publications including the terms ‘technology management’ or ‘innovat*’ 52
Publications in the field of socioeconomic sciences
All publications on bio(-)economy and bioeconomic(s) ,491
Source: Golembiewski, Sick, Bröring, S. (2015): The emerging research landscape on bioeconomy: What has been done so far and what is essential from a technology and innovation management perspective?, Innovative Food Science and Technology 03/2015.

5. Challenges of TIM within the process of moving towards a bioeconomy
Creation, exchange and application of (new) knowledge
Concept of ‘knowledge-based bio-economy’ (KBBE)
Knowledge management as part of TIM research
Complex knowledge base
Barriers like ‘industry recipes’ and cognitive distances
Innovation causing spillovers between so far distinct disciplines
Enabling resource allocation and biomass flow as major challenge for TIM
Value chain/discipline crossing technology development
High risk perception instead of seeing potential advantages
Low acceptance rates of new technologies and products on B2B- and B2C-level
Modification of standard TIM tools like the technology acceptance model
Commercialization and market diffusion

6. Innovation process and challenges – Complex knowledge base
basic research
technology development
predevelopment activities
market introduction
theory
technology
prototype
invention
innovation
TIM process
exploratory
exploitative
product & process
development
Emerging challenges for
TIM deduced from literature
exemplary topics for
TIM research
complex knowledge base
anticipating new knowledge areas with publications and patent analysis
technology foresight
dynamic capabilities to adapt to changing environments
open innovation
value chain / discipline crossing technology development
process of technology convergence
technology transfer (academia-industry)
collaborations across different subsectors
cross-industry innovation
convergence of value chains
commercialization and market diffusion
technology adoption and diffusion
(in B2B)
technology acceptance model (B2C)
food technology/raw material neophobia
Source: Golembiewski, Sick, Bröring, S. (2015): The emerging research landscape on bioeconomy: What has been done so far and what is essential from a technology and innovation management perspective?, Innovative Food Science and Technology 03/2015.

7. Anticipating new knowledge areas via patent analysis: Patent Mapping Approach
Keyword-based search on cellulose and ethanol for 2000 – 2010 in Thomson Innovation
“ThemeScape Map” based on DWPI families and IPC-grouping
Note: We thank Thomson Reuters for providing a free trial on Thomson Innovation.

8. Innovation process and challenges – Value chain / discipline crossing technology development
basic research
technology development
predevelopment activities
market introduction
theory
technology
prototype
invention
innovation
TIM process
exploratory
exploitative
product & process
development
Emerging challenges for
TIM deduced from literature
exemplary topics for
TIM research
complex knowledge base
anticipating new knowledge areas with publications and patent analysis
technology foresight
dynamic capabilities to adapt to changing environments
open innovation
value chain / discipline crossing technology development
process of technology convergence
technology transfer (academia-industry)
collaborations across different subsectors
cross-industry innovation
convergence of value chains
commercialization and market diffusion
technology adoption and diffusion
(in B2B)
technology acceptance model (B2C)
food technology/raw material neophobia
Source: Golembiewski, Sick, Bröring, S. (2015): The emerging research landscape on bioeconomy: What has been done so far and what is essential from a technology and innovation management perspective?, Innovative Food Science and Technology 03/2015.

9. Emergence of new production systems, technology platforms and complete new value chains
Als Biokonversion bezeichnet man die Umwandlung, meist von organischen Verbindungen (Biomasse), in energetisch oder stofflich nutzbare Produkte. Die Umwandlung erfolgt durch Organismen, meist Mikroorganismen, oder durch isolierte Enzyme oder Enzymsysteme (Stoffwechselwege). Es werden vor allem biotechnologische Prozesse wie die Fermentation (Biogasherstellung, Industrielle Biotechnologie) sowie die enzymatische Umwandlung angewendet. Auch in Anwendungen, die nicht oder nicht eindeutig der Biotechnologie zuzuordnen sind, findet Biokonversation statt, wie z. B. beim Backen von Brot oder der Sauerkrautherstellung (Ethanol- und Milchsäuregärung).
Die ersten Anwendungen von Biokonversionen durch den Menschen fanden bereits vor Jahrtausenden statt. So wurde bereits früh die Ethanolgärung zur Bier- und Weinherstellung und die Milchsäuregärung z. B. zur Konservierung von Milch durch Ansäuerung (Joghurt, Kefir) genutzt. Bei diesen Anwendungen werden Mikroorganismen (Hefen, Bakterien) verwendet, die organische Verbindungen (überwiegend Zucker) vor allem für die Energiebereitstellung (Katabolismus) umsetzen. Da diese Umsetzung unter anaeroben (sauerstofffreien) Bedingungen oder durch anaerobe Organismen stattfinden, erfolgt keine vollständige Umsetzung der organischen Verbindungen (vor allem zu CO2 und H2O), sondern zu organischen Verbindungen, wie Ethanol (Alkohol) und Milchsäure.[2]
Nicht nur in der Lebensmittelindustrie, sondern auch für die stoffliche und energetische Anwendung, wie z. B. als Rohstoff zur Biokunststoffherstellung (Polylactide aus Milchsäure) oder Biokraftstoff (z. B. sogenanntes Bioethanol als Benzinersatz oder -beimischung) findet eine Biokonversation sogenannter nachwachsender Rohstoffe statt.
Viele weitere Produkte werden nach diesem Prinzip gewonnen:
Aceton
die Propandiole: 1,2-Propandiol und 1,3-Propandiol
Carbonsäuren wie Essigsäure (Acetat), Bernsteinsäure (Succinat)[3] und Milchsäure (Lactat)
Biogas
Die Biokonversion spielt eine wichtige Rolle in vielen technischen Verfahren. Sie ermöglicht die Erzeugung von Verbindungen, die mit anderen Methoden nicht synthetisierbar sind. In der chemischen Industrie werden gelegentlich chemische Verfahren auf Biokonversion (biochemische Verfahren) umgestellt, da diese oft weniger extreme Bedingungen benötigt und so Energie und Chemikalien eingespart werden können. Bei der Nutzbarmachung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen kommen klassische und neue Verfahren zur Anwendung. Große Mengen Ethanol werden aus Zucker und Stärke gewonnen.
Durch neue Verfahren der Biokonversion sollen bisher nicht als Treibstoff nutzbare Anteile der Biomasse, wie das lignocellulosehaltige Stroh und Holz, als Cellulose-Ethanol oder Cellulose-Butanol erschlossen werden. Ein weiterer Ansatz ist die Synthesegas-Fermentation, bei der Biomasse über eine Biomassevergasung in Synthesegas umgewandelt und anschließend in einer Fermentation in nutzbare Alkohole und andere Chemikalien umgewandelt. Da Cellulose einen großen Anteil der Biomasse ausmacht, bietet sie ein großes, bisher kaum genutztes Potential für die Bereitstellung von Energie und Rohstoffen.

10. Strategic collaboration
Cross-industrial collaborations in the area of biofuels (and biopolymers) indicate a convergence.
Agricultural company
Oil/chemical company
Collaboration type
Duration
Aim and focus
Strategic collaboration
Since 2007
Employing lignocellulosic biomass for 2nd generation biofuels
50-50 JV
(Catchlight Energy)
Since 2009
Technologies for biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass
(Iogen Energy)
Since 2002
Production of cellulosic ethanol (already commercially available) JV
Since 2010
Bioethanol from sugar cane
(NatureWorks)
1997 − 2005
Production of polymers from renewable resources (e.g., PLA)
Source: Preschitschek (2014).

11. Innovation process and challenges – Commercialization and market diffusion
basic research
technology development
predevelopment activities
market introduction
theory
technology
prototype
invention
innovation
TIM process
exploratory
exploitative
product & process
development
Emerging challenges for
TIM deduced from literature
exemplary topics for
TIM research
complex knowledge base
anticipating new knowledge areas with publications and patent analysis
technology foresight
dynamic capabilities to adapt to changing environments
open innovation
value chain / discipline crossing technology development
process of technology convergence
technology transfer (academia-industry)
collaborations across different subsectors
cross-industry innovation
convergence of value chains
commercialization and market diffusion
technology adoption and diffusion
(in B2B)
technology acceptance model (B2C)
food technology/raw material neophobia
Source: Golembiewski, Sick, Bröring, S. (2015): The emerging research landscape on bioeconomy: What has been done so far and what is essential from a technology and innovation management perspective?, Innovative Food Science and Technology 03/2015.

12. The importance of societal acceptance, complementarities, new standards, competitive technologies and the oil price…
Consumer acceptance and communication: E10 in Germany
Competitive technologies: Fracking
Complementarities in linked industry sectors: Flex Fuel Vehicles in Brazil
Future development of crude oil price

13. Conclusion and implications
Current evolution of the bioeconomy concept
No common understanding of the concept
Evolution still on a strategic level
Missing broader picture approach
Main challenges in bioeconomy research
New, complex knowledge base
Cross-chain technology development
Commercialization & market diffusion
Future implementation of the bioeconomy concept
More bioeconomy specific studies along the 3 challenges
Contingency based approach
Modification of TIM methods and concepts

14. Econ-BioSC: Biomass flows and technological innovation in the bioeconomy: A global scenario analysis
Roadmapping of innovations for biomass production and processing
Societal acceptance
Emergence of new value chains
Thomson Innovation. We thank Thomson Reuters for providing a free trial access.
Sources:
Modeling of effects of changes in biomass trade patterns on socio-economic and environmental indicators (e.g. employment, biodiversity)

15. Thank you very much… for your attention! Dr. Nina Preschitschek
University of Bonn
Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness
Meckenheimer Allee 174
D Bonn

16. Back up

17. Turnover of biomass in food and bio-based products in Europe
Source: Jong et al. (2012): Product developments in the bio-based chemicals arena.

18. Global biomass flows:
Source: Golden & Handfield (2014): Why biobased? Opportunities in the Emerging Bioeconomy? Washington.