1. Professor Michael J. Losacco CIS 1150 – Introduction to Computer Information Systems Databases Chapter 11

2. Chapter11 2/15 Overview Describe How Data is Organized Define Key Fields Compare Batch and Real-time Processing Define Five Common Database Models Distinguish the Kinds Of Databases Discuss Strategic Uses and Security Concerns

3. Chapter11 3/15 Data Organization Field Combination of Related Characters Characteristics Name Uniquely Identifies Each Field Data Type Size Record Group of Related Fields Key Field AKA Primary Key Uniquely Identifies Each Record

4. Chapter11 4/15 Data Organization Table Collection of Related Records Each Record Contains Same Fields Each Field Contains Different Data Database Group of Related Tables

5. Chapter11 5/15 Batch Processing Data Collected Over Several Hours, Days, or Weeks Processed All at Once as a “Batch” Real-time Processing AKA Online Processing Data Processed at Same Time Transaction Occurs Batch and Real-time Processing

6. Chapter11 6/15 Databases Need Sharing Information Readily Shared Between Departments Security Users Access Only the Kind of Information They Need Less Data Redundancy Redundancy Causes Inefficient Use of Storage Space Data Maintenance Problems Data Integrity Multiple Sources of Data Lead to Variations

7. Chapter11 7/15 Databases Validation Comparing Data with Set of Rules Reduce Data Entry Errors Enhance Data Integrity Types Alpha / Numeric Range Completeness Consistency

8. Chapter11 8/15 Database Management System (DBMS) Subsystems DBMS Engine Bridges Logical View and Physical Views of Data Data Definition Data Dictionary Database Management

9. Chapter11 9/15 Database Management System (DBMS) Subsystems Data Manipulation Query-by-example, SQL Application Generation Data Entry Forms Data Administration Maintaining Security Processing Rights Database Management

10. Chapter11 10/15 Models Hierarchical One-to-many Relationship Rigid Structure Network Many-to-many Relationship Flexible and Efficient DBMS Structure

11. Chapter11 11/15 Models Relational No Hierarchical Access Paths Data Elements Stored in Different Tables Consist of Rows (Records) & Columns (Fields) Each Row Has Primary Key Related Tables Must Have Common Field DBMS Structure

12. Chapter11 12/15 Models Multidimensional Data Viewed as a Cube Having Three or More Sides Represent Complex Relationships Between Data Click Stream Object-oriented Stores Data in Objects Can Contain Both Data and Actions DBMS Structure

13. Chapter11 13/15 Individual Primarily Used by Just One Person Company Stored on a Central Database Network Server Distributed Not All Data Physically Located in One Place Accessible Through a Variety of Networks Commercial Large Database that Covers a Specific Subject Access Offered to the Public for a Fee Types of Databases

14. Chapter11 14/15 Database Uses and Issues Strategic Uses Data Warehouse Data Mining Business Directories Demographics Business Statistical Text Web

15. Chapter11 15/15 Careers in IT Database Administrator Determine Ways to Organize and Access Data Maintain Database Security Back Up System Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science Technical Experience Annual Salary of $67,000 - $98,000