2. Linguistic Varieties and Multilingual Nation Pertemuan 5 Matakuliah: G0362/Sociolingustics Tahun: 2007

3. Bina Nusantara Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Mengidentifikasi berbagai variasi bahasa

4. Bina Nusantara Outline Materi Vernakular Bahasa standar Lingua Franca Pidgin Creole

5. Bina Nusantara Definitions of Vernacular It is the language someone speaks at home. It is not codified. That means it has no written rules (grammar books) and dictionaries. It is the first language of the people socially and politically dominated by another group of a different language.

6. Bina Nusantara Example Karen Tan is a journalist in Singapore who speaks Hokkian at home with her parents, sister, and brother. She speaks English at work, and speaks Mandarin with some of her friends. She has a maid from Indonesia, and so she speaks some Malay to the maid.  her vernacular is Hokkian.  Her language repertoire includes English, Mandarin, Malay and Hokkian.

7. Bina Nusantara Standard Languages Known as a prestigious variety Usually has been codified Used as H functions where some L varieties exist. Examples include Indonesian in Indonesia, British English in Singapore and Malaysia, Mandarin in China.

8. Bina Nusantara In multilingual (and multicultural) countries like Singapore, a person has more than one language in his/her language repertoire (=all the varieties the person can speak). Usually the country has one or more national languages.

9. Bina Nusantara Official Languages Is the term for languages chosen to be used in government offices. Some countries have more than one. Sometimes it is only for political reason. –In NZ, signs in public places use English and Maori. –In Singapore, signs as well as announcements in public transport are in English, Chinese and Malay.

10. Bina Nusantara Lingua Franca Is the term for a language that developed, originally, for trading purposes. This language resembles some of each of the original languages.

11. Bina Nusantara Pidgin A pidgin is a language which has no native speakers. It is developed as a means of communication between two languages which are very different. It has very narrow functions, mostly referential rather than affective. As it is used for limited functions, the language has simple structure and small vocabulary. It has low status.

12. Bina Nusantara Creoles A creole is a pidgin which has acquired native speakers, i.e many learn it as their first language. When a pidgin becomes a creole, the structure is more regular. –E.g. Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea.

13. Bina Nusantara Conclusions Vernacular is the language someone speaks at home. Most vernacular is not codified. Standard languages are codified An official language is the language used for government offices (can be the standard language) Pidgin is a language developed from two different language for trading purposes Creole is a pidgin that has gained native speakers