1. Chap 8 The Internet How the Internet works, the short answer
What does the internet offer?
Online services and ISP
The World Wide Web and Hypertext Transfer Protocol
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
Newsgroup
Chatting, Instant Message and Internet Relay Chat
Telephony
Virtual Networks and other Connections

2. Accessing the Internet with Windows XP

3. Accessing the Internet with Windows XP
This lesson will cover:
The definition of the Internet
The “Web”
Newsgroups
Internet Tools
Web Browsers
Search Engines
FTP
Using Internet Explorer

4. What is the Internet?
The Internet is a worldwide computer network. It is a network of networks. There is no central control, all the computers and sub-networks are linked together on a voluntary basis.
These computers use the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) as the method of connecting to each other and transferring information. TCP/IP is a “suite” of software programs that ensure traffic flows freely and efficiently on the ‘net.
Before we really get started with the details you may want to go over a Glossary of Internet and Web Jargon courtesy of the UC Berkeley Library…

5. More…What is the Internet?
In 1969 four host computers were connected together to form ARPANET, this would later become the Internet as we know it. The first connections were between:
Stanford Research Institute
University of California Los Angeles
University of California Santa Barbara
University of Utah
Although this project was highly motivated by the US Department of Defense, several separate networks were created by the Department of Energy, NASA and the National Science Foundation. These networks were unconnected…for a while…
Click this link for a A Brief History of the Internet courtesy of the The Internet SOCiety (ISOC)…

6. More…What is the Internet?
…ARPANET grew into the Internet by connecting to other networks as technology advanced. The development of networking protocols like TCP/IP and Ethernet allowed greater connectability of diverse systems.
Finally the growth of Local Area Networks (LAN) and the widespread use of PCs forced new growth, until in 1996 there were over 50,000 networks interconnected on the Internet.
Originally the main concern of the Department of Defense was the “survivability” of the network, could it withstand a major attack and still operate effectively.

7. More…What is the Internet?

8. More…What is the Internet?

9. More…What is the Internet?

10. How the Internet Works, the short answer
Because the internet is a network, each computer must have a unique address just like any node on a network.
Every Computer has an IP address, that is unique; for example the IP address of CSUS.edu is
When the request is issued it first goes to a server that determines the address of the remote server and then it goes to a router that “routes” it to the destination. The routing can include visits to other routers that will reroute the request according to the current traffic and “state” of the Internet.
With Visual Route you can see the routers implicated and their place in the world

11. What does the Internet Offer?
Servers on the Internet can provide the following services to the users that logon to them:
FTP - The File Transfer Protocol is an efficient way to send or receive files from another computer.
- Provides electronic mail services which include mailing lists (listservs®) and discussion groups.
Newsgroups - These are organized “discussion” forums, sometimes called USENET, and are very narrowly classified by subject, such as rec.photo.equipment.35mm, or microsoft.public.windowsxp.general.
World Wide Web - Servers that use the HTTP to exchange files are part of the largest group users on the Internet. These computers “serve” HTML files, which are rendered as “web” pages on the users local computer.

12. Online services and Internet Service Providers
An internet Service Provider (ISP) is a business that provides its clients an access to the internet through a Point of Presence (POP).
Dial-up connection 
The Internet
ISP
Point of Presence
(POP)
POP
NAP
Network Access Point (NAP)
LAN using a leased line (T1)
connection to the POP

13. Main ISP AOL : Leader of the market , 30 million subscribers
Services: chat rooms, Shopping, AOL instant messenger, Internet , DSL Communication
CompuServe : Initially directed toward large companies
Bought in 1997 by AOL.
Prodigy : Developed by IBM an Sear in 1984.
Propriety of SBC Communication
3.5 million customers
MSN : Newcomer on the market
Presence under the Name Microsoft Network

14. The world wide web –Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
The World Wide Web is a collection of computers connected via the Internet that support the use of documents written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML).
The “web” uses the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) as the standard for the formatting and transmission of these documents.
Not every server on the ‘net uses HTTP, and therefore is not part of the Web.

15. The Web Since the World Wide Web
supports documents that are formatted using HTML, you need to use a special application known as a “Web Browser” to open and view them. Most modern browsers also include the capability to “play” multimedia files such as video and audio. Retrieving files via FTP and accessing servers is another feature that has been added, but are really not web functions.
The browser works by downloading (or retrieving from the remote server) a file and then rendering it according to the HTML specifications…

16.
(or Electronic Mail) refers to the transmission of messages over computer network.
Although most browser includes capabilities, many people still rely on single purpose mail programs, like Pine, Eudora and Outlook.
Most Internet is sent from mail clients to mail servers using th Single Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
Webmail account is that can be accessed without having an account with an ISP, like Hotmail or Yahoo!mail.

17. FTP…Internet File Transfers
The File Transfer Protocol is simply the protocol used on the Internet for sending files from one computer to another. It can be as “simple” as the command line program that comes with Windows 2000…
The command ftp starts the program, and help displays help…transferring files like this takes a bit of skill because you need to access remote computers and navigate through their file systems, and it is all done by typing in commands like ls for a directory listing…
Entering the command “bye” closes the session…
…or you can…

18. WS_FTP…
WS_FTP is a Windows program that takes the work out of sending and receiving files on the Internet…this program can be used for free by students and is available from ZDNet…click the “About WS_FTP” window below to go to the download site…the next 2 slides show a few of the features of WS_FTP Limited Edition (the free version)…

19. WS_FTP…
Enter the address of the host you want to open a session with…the user name anonymous is a universal id that will gain access to many “public” computers.
With an anonymous login you need only use a “dummy” password…many systems ask for your address, but you need not use your real one…

20. WS_FTP…
You are now browsing the /pub directory of the host computer cdrom.com
Transferring files is now as easy as highlighting the filename(s) and clicking the appropriate arrow…the left arrow moves a file from the right pane (the remote computer) to the left pane (your computer)…and visa versa.

21. Internet Newsgroups
An Internet newsgroup is a specific type of online forum or discussion group. Newsgroups use a different application level protocol, the Network News Transfer Protocol, or NNTP to deliver its data to users. These groups are sometimes called USENET. They are like private lists that maintain the s or “posted” messages in the order that they were sent and answered. This arrangement is called message threading.
By using a newsgroup you can follow the messages of others, which is called lurking; or you can participate in the action by posting questions, comments or answers to other messages.
                 

22. Internet Newsgroups
Newsgroups are an excellent way to connect with people that have the same interests, hobbies and problems. They are good for getting answers to technical questions on many subjects, as they generally deal with very narrow subjects.
When using a newsgroup you should be careful about posting your address (or any contact information for that matter)…in fact, many people use a phony address like This is because spammers also lurk among the newsgroups looking for addresses that they can use or sell.

23. Internet Newsgroups
Newsgroups are accessed on the Internet by using a program called a newsreader. Most modern browsers include news reading capabilities in their software.
The following slide shows Microsoft’s Internet Explorer 6 in its newsreading mode. There are, however, many more single purpose readers that incorporate added features, including enhanced security.
Use this link to see a large list of newsreader programs on CNET.

24. Using Internet Explorer 6 to “read” Newsgroups
The listing of posted messages
The current Newsgroup…and the number of messages posted to it.
The text of the selected “post”…

25. Chatting
Chat rooms as offered by service providers such as AOL are not features of the internet.
They exist only within the boundaries of the service provider, only subscriber of that provider can access them.
Chat room provide real time contact between users

26. Instant Messaging and Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
The original IRC network is EFNET
(Eris Free).
Instant messaging (IM) allows a real time
discussion between two specific users.
Two different users have to use the
same software to converse.
The most popular IM software are
AOL Instant messenger and
the MSN Messenger.

27. Telephony
Internet Telephony is a segment of internet technology that combines capabilities of a telephone system, such as voice communication and fax transmission, with Internet protocols. This idea promises low costs on long distances.
Companies providing such services are Net2phone, ICQphone and NetMetting