1. “Getting Energy to Make ATP”
Cellular Respiration
“Getting Energy to Make ATP”
Section 9.3 Pg

2. Cellular Respiration
Plants and animals get glucose, but how do cells get energy from it
Cellular Respiration
Definition: the process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP
Glucose (6C)  ATP’s
2ATP  38 ATP’s (total produced = ???)

3. Cellular Respiration Three stages to cellular respiration Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain

4. Glycolysis Reaction occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Glucose (6C)  2 pyruvic acid (3C)
Reaction does not need oxygen to occur (Anaerobic)

5. Glycolysis Three final products:
NADH (2)
ATP (2)
Pyruvic acid (2)
Two ATP needed for glycolysis and only four are made not efficient process to make ATP.

6. Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs Cycle)
Reaction takes place in the mitochondria of a cell
Takes the pyruvic acid (3C) and makes 2 more ATP & 6 CO2
Also makes many electron acceptors for final stage
Electron carrier  electron acceptor
NAD-  NADH
FAD  FADH2

7. Electron Transport Chain (final stage of cellular respiration)
occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
From the citric acid cycle, the electron carriers pass energized electrons along to the electron transport chain
NADH and FADH2 pass energized electrons from protein to protein within the membrane, which release small amounts of energy

8. The Electron Transport Chain

9. Electron Transport Chain
ATP Used
ATP made
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Total ATP
Total ATP produced

10. Fermentation
Anaerobic process that follows glycolysis when cell are without oxygen for a short period of time.
Two major types
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation

11. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Definition: series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis.
You get only 2 ATP for one glucose molecule
Lactic acid builds up in your muscles, and that is why your muscles ache when you over exercise.

12. Alcoholic Fermentation
Definition: another type of fermentation that is used by, among others, yeast cells to produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol.
Only producing 2 ATP molecules

13. Comparing Fermentation to Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
Glycolysis (pyruvic Acid)
Lactic acid +
2 ATP
CO2
Alcohol
Water
38 ATP

14. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Food
CO2
Energy
Oxygen
Produces …
When does it happen?
Occurs ?

15. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Food accumulated
Food broken down
CO2 taken in
CO2 given off
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy of glucose released
Oxygen given off
Oxygen taken in
Produces glucose from PGAL
Produces CO2 and water
Goes on only in light
Goes on day and night
Occurs only in presence of chlorophyll
Occurs in all living cells