1. pascal.baron@cea.frMicro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration CERN, 10 September 2007 1 P. Baron1, A. Delbart1, X. de la Broise1, D. Calvet1, E. Delagnes1, F. Druillole1, J-L. Fallou1, E. Mazzucato2,F. Pierre2, A. Sarrat2,, E. Virique1, E. Zonca1, M. Zito2. 1CEA Saclay, DSM/DAPNIA/SEDI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France 2CEA Saclay, DSM/DAPNIA/SPP, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France AFTER- TPC readout electronics The T2K experiment The TPC Electronic architecture The AFTER ASIC Results Status Conclusions LollyPollacco Modified the file Of Pascal Baron

2. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 2 CERN, 10 September 2007 The T2K experiment Super Kamiokande ND280 J-PARC,Tokai Kamioka Goal: Study of neutrino oscillationGoal: Study of neutrino oscillation J-PARC: 50GeV synchrotron (under construction)J-PARC: 50GeV synchrotron (under construction) ND280m: Near detector at 280m from the neutrino production targetND280m: Near detector at 280m from the neutrino production target Time schedule: Q3 2009

3. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 3 CERN, 10 September 2007 The T2K TPCs 359 mm 342 mm 1726 active pads Bulk Micromegas 12 detector modules per TPC plane => 72 modules => 124.272 pads !! Design of a novel compact readout electronics 2.5m 1m

4. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 4 CERN, 10 September 2007 Initial Requirements & Constraints Store and digitize the detector signal over a 511 sample time window larger than the drift time over 12bits. Must be versatile to be usable with various end-plate detectors and gas (not defined at the beginning of the design Q1 2005): compatible with both polarities of signal, programmable gain Sampling frequency adjustable (1MHz-50MHz) Short time development (2 years for the all electronics) => architecture with limited risks and use of mature technologies. Minimum power consumption (detector inside magnet). Minimize the cabling between detectors and acquisition. Low cost But, fortunately: Low Event rate: beam rate ~0.3Hz; cosmic ~ 20Hz. External trigger available.

5. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 5 CERN, 10 September 2007 A Highly multiplexed architecture to reduce the power consumption taking benefit of the low event rate Read-out Electronic Architecture Architecture principles AFTER ASIC : 72 channels; Signal amplified & stored in the SCA (511 cells) External trigger: digitization of the totality of the SCA of all the channels (2ms) ADC + digital buffer mounted close to the detector Multiple optical fibers send data to off-detector concentrators Interface to common DAQ via standard network Pre-amp and shapers Samplers and multiplexers Analog to digital conversion Digital buffer Data concentration ~124.000 channels 1728 AFTERs On-detector electronics 72 Optical fibers 1-6 Tbaud*/s peak *1 baud = 10 bit ~2 ms retention max. 34 Gbaud/s peak 400 Gbit/s peak ~1-10 Gbit/s averaged Shared DAQ system ~0.1-1 Gbit/s Standard LAN connection(s) 432 FEC 6 Concentrator Cards 72 Mezzanine cards 432 ADCs

6. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 6 CERN, 10 September 2007 3 TPC 1 m 2,5 m 1 of 6 TPC planes (12-modules) Outside magnetInside magnet 1 of 6 Data Concentrator Card 12 duplex Optical fibres x 6 TCP/IP PC Linux 6 DCCs VME/PCI backplane bus Gigabit Ethernet DAQ control Detector B Detector A Global trigger Réseau 1 of 72 modules Front End Mezzanine Card (FEM) 288 channel Front End Card (FEC) 1728 pad Micromegas plane Slow control network Optical fiber to/from DCC Low voltage Power supply 1 of 1728 Front-End ASIC “AFTER” 72 channel x 511 time buckets Switched capacitor array Read-out Electronic Architecture

7. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 7 CERN, 10 September 2007 Assume that … 50cm diameter 0.25 cm²/pad 8000 pads  10,000 pads AFTER 72 Channels/ASIC 160 AFTER chips 36 FEC 6 FEM 1 Optic Concentrator 50 cm Card (FEM) 288 channel Front End Card (FEC) 1728 pad Micromegas plane Optical fiber to/from DCC

8. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 8 CERN, 10 September 2007 Then … An event of two traces will give us –300 fired pads –300x511x2 bytes = 306Kbytes = Assume 1,000 events/sec –306 Mbyte/sec –Need 1GHz through-put Am not sure we can afford the 1k events/sec Rise –Time difficulty Placing the AFTER layout –Dead-time is common for the full AFTER chip

9. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 9 CERN, 10 September 2007 AFTER Main Features Main features: Input Polarity: positive or negativeInput Polarity: positive or negative 72 Analog Channels72 Analog Channels 4 Gains: 120fC, 240fC, 360fC & 600fC4 Gains: 120fC, 240fC, 360fC & 600fC 16 Peaking Time values: (100ns to 2µs)16 Peaking Time values: (100ns to 2µs) 511 analog memory cells / Channel:511 analog memory cells / Channel: Fwrite: 1MHz- 50 MHz; Fread: 20MHz AFTER 511 cells SCA FILTER PA 76 to 1 BUFFER SCA MANAGER SLOW CONTROL Serial Interface W / R Mode CK ADC TEST In Test Asic Spy Mode CSA;CR;SCAin (N°1) Power On Reset Slow ControlSlow Control Power on resetPower on reset Test mode:Test mode: calibration or test [channel/channel] functional [72 channels in one step] Spy mode on channel 1:Spy mode on channel 1: CSA, CR or filter out No zero suppress. No auto triggering. No selective readout.

10. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 10 CERN, 10 September 2007 AFTER Main Features Main features: Input Polarity: positive or negativeInput Polarity: positive or negative 72 Analog Channels72 Analog Channels 4 Gains: 120fC, 240fC, 360fC & 600fC4 Gains: 120fC, 240fC, 360fC & 600fC 16 Peaking Time values: (50/100ns to 2µs)16 Peaking Time values: (50/100ns to 2µs) 511 analog memory cells / Channel:511 analog memory cells / Channel: Fwrite: 1MHz-100MHz; Fread: 20MHz AFTER 511 cells SCA FILTER PA BUFFER SCA MANAGER SLOW CONTROL Serial Interface W / R Mode CK ADC TEST In Test Asic Spy Mode CSA;CR;SCAin (N°1) Power On Reset Slow ControlSlow Control Power on resetPower on reset Test mode:Test mode: calibration or test [channel/channel] functional [72 channels in one step] Spy mode on channel 1:Spy mode on channel 1: CSA, CR or filter out No zero suppress. No auto triggering. No selective readout. ADC

11. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 11 CERN, 10 September 2007 Possible Changes Pre-amp also outside Slow controlled Shaper Disc Trigger (Sum of Disc) –Slow controlled Selective read-out via FPGA Selective trigger via FPGA Increase in gain by x2 possible Increase of an ADC at 20 MHz read-out

12. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 12 CERN, 10 September 2007 Layout & package Technology: AMS CMOS 0.35µmTechnology: AMS CMOS 0.35µm Area: 7.8 x 7.4 mm 2Area: 7.8 x 7.4 mm 2 Package: LQFP 160Package: LQFP 160 (28x28x1.4 mm) Run: April 2006Run: April 2006 Delivery: August 2006Delivery: August 2006 Test: Start in October 2006Test: Start in October 2006 SCA : 76 x 511 Cells

13. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 13 CERN, 10 September 2007 AFTER Test set-up LABVIEW Test Software Interface card Evaluation kit (Memec) Xilinx Virtex 2 pro Protection 1 Protection 2 No Protection ASIC Test Socket Protection1: diodes + PhotoMOSProtection2: diodes Font-end ASIC Test Card

14. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 14 CERN, 10 September 2007 Pulse Shape Range Tpeak (5% -100%) Tpeak (100% -5%) FWHM 100ns111ns182ns150ns 200ns185ns552ns287ns 400ns387ns823ns631ns 1µs893ns2118ns1529ns 2µs1776ns4037ns2953ns FWHM

15. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 15 CERN, 10 September 2007 Charge Gain Charge Range120fC240fC360fC600fC Gain18mV/fC9.7mV/fC6.7mV/fC4.1mV/fC Spread (ASIC)5.6%4%3.8%3.4% Spread (50 ASICs)12%8%7%6.5%

16. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 16 CERN, 10 September 2007 Linearity Specification: Specification: 1% [0-3MIPS]; 5% [3-10MIPS] < 1.2% Full range Measured INL < 1.2% Full range Range: 120fC; FCKW=50MHz At 100MHz, the INL is the same Large speed margin of the system !! Range: 120fC; FCKW=100MHz Peaking Time: 100ns

17. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 17 CERN, 10 September 2007 Baseline of 50 Asics x 76 channels Spread: 360 ADC bin peak-peak Baseline of 1 Asic x 76 channels Spread: 160 to 300 ADC bin peak-peak The mean value is controlled on the FEC card. It will be fixed to the same value on all the TPC FEC cards Pedestals

18. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 18 CERN, 10 September 2007 Equivalent Noise Charge on ASIC Icsa : 400µA measured (dots) and parameterized (lines) for the 120fC range Icsa : 800µA Noise equation for AFTER The current of CSA input transistor is controlled on the FEC

19. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 19 CERN, 10 September 2007 Input Protection Circuit PhotoMOS Other pads 100M Ω 1V 220pF PAD In ASIC Need to protect the electronic against spark Input Protection diode in ASIC, but robustness ??Input Protection diode in ASIC, but robustness ?? => Input Protection diode on the FEC Need to protect the electronic against spark Input Protection diode in ASIC, but robustness ??Input Protection diode in ASIC, but robustness ?? => Input Protection diode on the FEC The TPC must work without distortion of the electric field even in case of problem on a Micomegas module No access to the module inside the magnet during data takingNo access to the module inside the magnet during data taking  PhotoMos to disconnect the pad from the ground [1 PhotoMos for 2*72 channels] The TPC must work without distortion of the electric field even in case of problem on a Micomegas module No access to the module inside the magnet during data takingNo access to the module inside the magnet during data taking  PhotoMos to disconnect the pad from the ground [1 PhotoMos for 2*72 channels] Pad capacitance Measurements on module MM1_005 7 to 17pF Measurements on module MM1_005 7 to 17pF

20. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 20 CERN, 10 September 2007 Equivalent Noise Charge on TPC module Range: 120fC Target value: ENC <750 e - T2K: 200ns or 400ns

21. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 21 CERN, 10 September 2007 Range: 240fC Target value: ENC <1500 e - Equivalent Noise Charge on TPC module

22. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 22 CERN, 10 September 2007 Equivalent Noise Charge on TPC module Range: 360fC Target value: ENC <2250 e -

23. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 23 CERN, 10 September 2007 Equivalent Noise Charge on TPC module Range: 600fC Target value: ENC <3750 e -

24. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 24 CERN, 10 September 2007 ASIC Cross-talk Asic connected to the MM03;Calibration modeAsic connected to the MM03;Calibration mode High signal on ch 18; Range: 120fC; TPeak =100nsHigh signal on ch 18; Range: 120fC; TPeak =100ns Average output Ch 18 Ch 16 Ch 17 Ch 19 Ch 20 Pedestal & FPN subtracted The crosstalk is mainly derivative Relative Cross-talk amplitude (Amplitudes normalized by the 18) 18 < +/- 0.4% Cross-talk is proportional to the distance / ch 18

25. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 25 CERN, 10 September 2007 SCA leakage Current Reading Phase: 2ms High leakage current can degrade the signal/noise ratio Reading Phase: 2ms High leakage current can degrade the signal/noise ratio Amplitude variation for 2ms of memory time 1 (asic) x 76 (channels) x 511 (memory cells) < 1 ADC bin 97% < 0.5 ADC bin

26. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 26 CERN, 10 September 2007 Power & Yield Yield on a total number of 198 Asics: 73% The main current sources are controlled on the FEC card Icsa = 400µA; 1.88mA & 6.25mW per channel (135.5mA & 447mW per ASIC)Icsa = 400µA; 1.88mA & 6.25mW per channel (135.5mA & 447mW per ASIC) Icsa = 800µA; 2.28mA & 7.52mW per channel (164.2mA & 542mW per ASIC)Icsa = 800µA; 2.28mA & 7.52mW per channel (164.2mA & 542mW per ASIC) The main current sources are controlled on the FEC card Icsa = 400µA; 1.88mA & 6.25mW per channel (135.5mA & 447mW per ASIC)Icsa = 400µA; 1.88mA & 6.25mW per channel (135.5mA & 447mW per ASIC) Icsa = 800µA; 2.28mA & 7.52mW per channel (164.2mA & 542mW per ASIC)Icsa = 800µA; 2.28mA & 7.52mW per channel (164.2mA & 542mW per ASIC) Example of bad chip

27. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 27 CERN, 10 September 2007 Status of electronic Present Status FEC 7 boards produced and tested7 boards produced and tested Foresee PRR in ~Q1-2008; production in ~Q2-Q3 2008Foresee PRR in ~Q1-2008; production in ~Q2-Q3 2008 Present Status FEC 7 boards produced and tested7 boards produced and tested Foresee PRR in ~Q1-2008; production in ~Q2-Q3 2008Foresee PRR in ~Q1-2008; production in ~Q2-Q3 2008 Present Status FEM 1 board produced and tested1 board produced and tested Foresee PRR in ~Q2-2008Foresee PRR in ~Q2-2008 & Production in ~Q3-Q4 2008 Present Status FEM 1 board produced and tested1 board produced and tested Foresee PRR in ~Q2-2008Foresee PRR in ~Q2-2008 & Production in ~Q3-Q4 2008 Present Status AFTER 200 ASICs tested200 ASICs tested Foresee PRR in 12 October 2007; production in ~Q4-2007Foresee PRR in 12 October 2007; production in ~Q4-2007 Present Status AFTER 200 ASICs tested200 ASICs tested Foresee PRR in 12 October 2007; production in ~Q4-2007Foresee PRR in 12 October 2007; production in ~Q4-2007

28. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 28 CERN, 10 September 2007 Present Status of TPC module Micromegas Module + 1 FEC tested at Lab with 55 Fe source E mesh = 350 V E drift = 200 V/cm ~8% energy resolution @ 5.9 keV Ar(95%)/iC 4 H 10 (2%)/CF 4 (3%)

29. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 29 CERN, 10 September 2007 Present Status of TPC module 1 complete Module will be tested at the end of September in the HARP cage for cosmic tests 6 FECs 1 Micromegas Detector 1 FEM Power Supply (PC ATX) 1 reduced DCC 20-30 m Optical fibre Linux PC Power Supply (PC ATX) Ethernet #1 Ethernet #2 (DAQ) RS232 (Console) CERN LAN NIM->LVTTLTrigger HARP flange

30. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors. Towards an R&D Collaboration 30 CERN, 10 September 2007 AFTER upgrade for nuclear projects: AFTER upgrade for nuclear projects: selective readout; threshold/channel & auto triggering The next week, the complete TPC module will be tested with cosmics The next week, the complete TPC module will be tested with cosmics The Tests prove the full functionality of the electronic The Tests prove the full functionality of the electronic Compact readout electronic for large TPC Compact readout electronic for large TPC Conclusion