1. Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, D-04347 Leipzig, www.dbfz.de Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum German Biomass Research Centre Waste to Energy from Biogas An effective Option for agricultural and municipal energy production AHK-Business Travel Programme Renewable Energies 12 th November 2008 Uusikaupunki Dipl. Biotechnol. Elmar Fischer

2. Biogastechnologie 2 Contents  Basic Aspects  Active situation  Technology  Innovative Applications  Conclusions

3. Biogastechnologie 3 Our Institute at a Glance  Arised from 1953 founded „Institute for Energy“  Interdisciplinary research company  Owned by the Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection  Six departments related to the energetic use of any kind of biomass: Bioenergy Systems Biogastechnology Thermochemical biomass conversion Heat from Biomass Liquid Biofuels International  Monitoring, evaluation, potentials, concepts and strategies in the field of (bio-)energy  Lab-Scale and Pilot-Scale experimental working stations  Certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001

4. Biogastechnologie 4 Basic Aspects

5. Biogastechnologie 5 Basic aspects - Importance of Biogas in Europe -  Approx. 36% of the EU-25 primary energy equivalents from biogas have been produced in Germany in 2006  (Very) high amounts of energy crops in Germany, Austria and Denmark Source: E UR O BSERV ‘ER

6. Biogastechnologie 6 Basic aspects - Advantages of biogas production - decentralised energy supply diversification of agricultural income reduction of odour emission renewable energy – CO 2 -reduction reliable energy supply reduction of CH 4 - emission strengthening of rural infrastructure saving of mineral fertilizers

7. Biogastechnologie 7 Basic aspects - usage pathways - Options for a (german) biogas plant

8. Biogastechnologie 8 Active Situation in Germany

9. Biogastechnologie 9 Biogas utilization - Total Number of Biogas plants in Germany - Based on Renewable-Energy- Act 2000/2004/2009 Alternatives: Peak load energy supply Covering own demand Substitution of natural gas Production of fuel

10. Biogastechnologie 10 Biogas utilization - Acreage, Capacity and Potentials for Biogas in the Future - Source: study for private customer Most important: Potential within Agriculture (85 %)  Strongly depending on energy crop production

11. Biogastechnologie 11 Biogas utilization - Distribution of Biogas plants producing electrical energy in Germany -

12. Biogastechnologie 12 Substrates - Origin -  Agriculture liquid manure energy crops such as:  silages from maize, rye, sunflowers, grass, sorghum  corn-cob-mix, all kinds of grain agricultural byproducts  Organic waste (commercial and industrial) food residues market waste residues from production processes (e.g. beer, sugar, wine, milk, alcohol, juice, meat products, vegetable processing) fats  Organic source separated municipal waste

13. Biogastechnologie 13 Biowaste Potentials in Germany Only 10% of the german biowaste potential is energetically accessed! In 2007 TotalseparatedAD

14. Biogastechnologie 14 Technology

15. Biogastechnologie 15 Suitable AD-Technologies SystemContinousBatch CategoryCSTRPFRBatchBatch/Percolati on Symbol Example Content of fermenter liquidFree flowing or liquid Free flowing PretreatmentStrong homogenisation, high energy demand strong recirculation, no hackling or mincing required, low energy demand

16. Biogastechnologie 16 Important rules - Technical Approval EG 1774/02sanitation 70°C, 1 h BioAbfVsampling required TA Luft (1)complete housing TA Luft (2)reduction of odour emissions through biofilters

17. Biogastechnologie 17 Substrates - Example Biowaste -  Dry Fermentation of biowaste biowaste 24.000 t y -1 Aerobic pretreatment Plug-Flow-Reactor Composting of effluent CHP-device Complete housing/low odour emissions

18. Biogastechnologie 18 Substrates - Example Food Processing -  Byproducts from sugar beet processing Anaerobic treatment of waste-water only 3-4 mon/y AD-technology and know-how from over 20 years Fast and stable process

19. Biogastechnologie 19 Innovative Applications

20. Biogastechnologie 20 Innovative Applications - Biomethane as a fuel -  1st petrol station in Germany with upgraded Biogas in service (Jameln/Northern Germany, June 2006) Biogas plant using energy crops and manure Upgrading by drying, desulphurization, drying and chemical absorption of CO 2 InputRaw140 m 3 /h52% CH 4 OutputUpgraded70 m 3 /h96% CH 4  Economic aspects Cars powered by natural gas are more expensive (1.500-3500€) Equivalent price for upgraded biogas  0,929 € kg -1 lower than for diesel and petrol (due to tax exemption)  Good economic preconditions for biogas- powered cars  *as seen on Nov, 7th; source: www.adac.de

21. Biogastechnologie 21 Innovative Applications - Feeding to gas grid -  Research  adsorptive, absorptive and physical techniques  Just a few plants in service  1 st two plants in Germany were Pliening and Straelen working with PSA in Dec 2006; inst. (eq.) P el 2MW  latest plant in service near Könnern in Saxony- Anhalt with 2MW el  large scale biogas plants  due to high costs for upgrading  Gas grid may be used as gasholder  optimizing heat usage  supply peak load (theor.)  Further plants under construction  municipal utilities highly interested substanceBiogasSewage gas Natural gas Methane50-70 %60-70 %93-98 % Carbondioxide25-40 %30-40 %1 % Nitrogen< 3 %4 %1 % Oxygen< 2 %1 %- Hydrogentraces - Hydrogen sulphide up to 4000ppm up to 1000ppm - Ammoniatraces - Ethane--< 3 % Propane--< 2 % Siloxanetraces< 6mg/m³- AK

22. Biogastechnologie 22 Innovative Applications - Feeding to gas grid - Source: Agricapital Könnern /Saxony-Anhalt Pliening / Bavaria

23. Biogastechnologie 23  Fuel Cells el. efficiency is up to 48% (55%); 1 pilot plant (in service) less noise, useful for urban applications  ORC-Modules 10% raise in el. efficiency; at least 3 plants in service advantageous in combination with micorturbines  Microturbines less sensitive, low maintenance costs, high durability compared to gas engines low el. efficiency (38%  28%) Innovative Applications - Further Innovative Biogas-Technologies - Source: Köhler & Ziegler Source: MTU Source: ISET

24. Biogastechnologie 24 Conclusions

25. Biogastechnologie 25 Conclusions - Advantages - biogas - a very flexible fuel -  Decrease in GHG-emissions  Flexible technologies from small to large scale applications (several kW until MW) available  New field of income for farmers, public services, recycling companies…  Long lasting regional connection between energy industry and local actors  biogas in Germany has still high potentials  less dependency on natural gas imports  Emission certificates trading can play an important role Increasing importance all over Europe!

26. Biogastechnologie 26 Thank you very much! Dipl. Biotechnol. Elmar Fischer Department Biogastechnology (T) German BiomassResearchCentre gGmbHLeipzig Tel: +49(0)341-2434-452 eMail: elmar.fischer@dbfz.de