1. Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon, Portugal http://www.ipfn.ist.utl.pt B. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 ENGINEERING DESIGN OF ITER PROTOTYPE FAST PLANT SYSTEM CONTROLLER Bruno Soares Gonçalves on behalf of J. Sousa, B. Carvalho, A.P. Rodrigues, M. Correia, A. Batista, J. Vega, M. Ruiz, J.M. López, R. Castro Rojo, A. Wallander, N. Utzel, A. Neto, D. Alves, D. Valcárcel

2. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 2 Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion

3. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 3 Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Safe operation and high performance Diagnostics Actuators

4. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 4 Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Safe operation and high performance Diagnostics Actuators Controllers ensure Reliability Reproducibility Plasma & Machine protection Most stringent requirements come from Fast Controllers

5. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 5 To diagnostics and Plant Systems in closed- control loops whose cycle times below 1 ms Dedicated industrial controllers with ability to – supervise other fast and/or slow controllers, – interface to actuators, sensors and high performance networks ITER Fast Plant System controllers

6. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 6 Diagnostics Local control e.g. ITER LIDAR

7. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 7 MIMO Architecture Diagnostic Controller Elaboration Actuator High Level Machine Protection

8. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 8 ITER will make extensive usage of fast controllers ITER will make extensive usage of fast controllers up to 1 Mchannels Procured by Parties and their sub-contractors IO in charge of the integration on site and the operation Need for homogenising supporting technology Choice of technology is strategic for ITER Standardisation Supply high quality information on the fusion process I&C technology evolving fast and ITER timescale - longevity

9. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 9 Fast controllers for fusion Challenges Increasing number of interdependent parameters to be controlled Increasingly faster loop- cycle response Implications Massive processing power ( parallel, multi-processing support) High bandwidth for data- transfer Real-time multi-input-multi- output (MIMO) control Advanced, intelligent, flexible timing & syncronization

10. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 10 ITER Instrumentation & Control System physical architecture

11. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 11 ITER Instrumentation & Control System Fast controllers

12. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 12 Prototype Fast Plant System Controller

13. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 13 Generic sensor with I&C Signal conditioning (e.g. Integrator) Signal conditioning (e.g. Integrator) ADC Pre-Processing Network Status Signal Error Clock Sensor Galvanic isolation up to 1 kV required!!

14. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 14 Generic sensor with I&C Signal conditioning (e.g. Integrator) Signal conditioning (e.g. Integrator) ADC Pre-Processing Network Status Signal Error Clock Galvanic isolation up to 1 kV required!! Sensor

15. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 15 Data acquisition

16. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 16 Real-time processor

17. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 17 Internal data flow HPC To database

18. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 18 Output generator

19. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 19 When something fails…

20. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 20 When something fails… Huge thermal loads on Plasma Facing Components occur Plasma vertical position in ITER must be robust & reliable to ensure a vertical plasma position control loss is a very unlikely event

21. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 21 Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Demands of Steady-State operation Risk reduction Resilience to failure sensors - backup set redundant acquisition channels Redundancy power supplies data transport Shelf management Monitoring Fault detection Maintenance Redundancy management

22. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 22 ITER | ITER | Targeting redundancy and high availability Substitution and replacement strategy for the vertical speed measurement

23. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 23 Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Control and Data Acquisition in Fusion Demands of Steady-State operation High-availability Failure detection and mitigation Redundancy Awareness of system status at all time

24. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 24 Hardware management Integration with EPICS required

25. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 25 Software architecture Software architecture

26. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 26 IOC Module IOC Module

27. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 27 Software architecture | Software architecture | possible solution Using MARTe as an IOC

28. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 28 PXIe CPU / Network Chassis PCIe 1 Gb/s Ethernet 2 form factors - Similar functions How will it look like? IPMC

29. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 29 Deep understanding of the plasma control and plasma diagnostics is required to define a fast controller for ITER Functional specification has progressed and are challenging to implement PXIe and ATCA form factors will be extensively tested against specification This effort is important to ITER standardisation effort Summary

30. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 30

31. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 31 Fostering innovation on instrumentation technology Looking towards tomorrow’s energy

32. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 32 JET Vertical Stabilization system Front viewRear view 192 input signals

33. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 33 192 signals acquired by ADCs and transferred at each cycle 50  s control loop cycle time with jitter < 1  s Always in real-time (24 hours per day) 1.728 x 10 9 50  s cycles/day Crucial for ITER very long pulses JET Vertical Stabilization system 192 input signals Front view

34. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 34 ATCA-CONTROLLER- PCIe ATCA- MIMO-ISOLATCA-SR-TR 32 analog input channels (digitizer/transient recorder) 8 analog output channels (waveform generator). 8 digital input/output channels Customizable carrier boards and rear transition modules Both types of analog I/O can be present on the carrier board and on the RTM. Data transfer rate of up to 800 Mbyte/s over x4 PCIe to the host processor. Choice of resolution 250 MSPS @ 13-bit, 400 MSPS @ 14-bit, 500 MSPS @ 12-bit Maximum pulse rate of 5 Mpulse/s; twelve ATCA fabric channels (x4 full-duplex PCIe) multicore processor (currently over 40 GFLOPS) SIMD instructions plus signal processing libraries RTOS (RTAI for linux) one PCI legacy slot wide availability of components with low cost upgrades

35. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 35 IPFN’s ATCA-MIMO-ISOL “the star of the show” RTM ADC module

36. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 36 General Purpose Board for CDAQ systems 32-Channel ADC Board (ATCA_MIMO- ISOL) (Soft-X-Ray/Mirnov) isolated ( KVolts ) 2 MSPS ADC Modules w/ high bandwidth/signal response and signal linearity 32 Channel Chopper Amp/Integrators Board for Magnetic Diagnostics 20 KSPS/12 bit, Switching time 1 ms, Switching transition time 40 us, Hi-pass filter 10 Hz (still under development) 8-Channel ADC Board for very High- Speed Sampling (Thomson Scattering, etc.) 400 MSPS/14 bit per channel, digital decimation filter, full mesh backplane interconnect

37. Author’s name | Place, Month xx, 2007 | EventB. Gonçalves | Lisboa, May 28, 2010 | RT2010 37 High Level Protection: Wall Protection Mistakes in the experimental setup: wrong shape, too much power…. can cause the plasma to overload the machine walls. A real time system, WALLS, uses different diagnostics and information from additional heating, in order to estimate the thermal load to the walls. If some thresholds are passed, WALLS requests additional heating termination, and slow plasma shutdown. Detection = different diagnostics and actuators Actuation = act on protection systems Without WALLS, experimenters have the duty to check that the plasma wall interaction is within parameters specified by operation instructions. After a shot, thermocouple data is analysed and further experiments are banned if limits passed. JET: Debris interact with plasma creating a shower of sparks!