2. Major Points from Discussion of Demography of Canada (cont’d) Major French component in N.B. Signif. Minority (1/11, more in Ont.) of Cdns do not speak Eng. Or Fr as the language most often spoken at home 1/6 of Cdns are Eng-Fr Bilingual A majority of Quebecers are unilingual Fr. Shift in composition of the immig. Stream Ont. (esp. Toronto) = Immigrant Reception Centre of Canada. BC & Que as other major centres Immigrants comprise ¼ of Ont & BC pops., but 17% of Cdn pop. And 42% of Toronto. Visible Minorities comprise 1/3 of Tor & Vanc Calgary ranks 3 rd @ 16%

3. Demog. Highlights (cont’d) Re: MIGRATION Retention rate: Ont. & Que. are highest Attractivness: BC and Yukon are highest Re: FERTILITY -Que and ROC have very different fertility histories (e.g., Que’s ‘revenge of the cradles’); - Both Que & ROC are below replacemt level; - Baby boom in Canada was 1946-1966. - Boom, Bust, and Echo - Total fertility rate substantial interprovincial variation. Note: NWT and Nunavut >> Cda - Aprox. ¼ of Cdn pregnancies end in abortion Re: AGING - Canada’s pop. is aging w/ aging of boomers - Baby boomers “left a profound impact on every institution they touched” e.g., family, constitution, the city (suburbia), public service, population pyramids, economy, CPP - Median Age: Increased 2.3 yrs (1996-2001)

4. Cda’s Baby Boom as Depicted in the Crude Birth Rate, 1921-2000

5. Total Fertility Rate (Births Per Woman), Canada, 1921-96

6. Conclusions/Observations from the Next Slide Even the developed industrialized countries exhibit very different age structures. In terms of median age, Cda is in the middle range of industrialized countries. In its age composition, Canada is an older society than the USA. We have a smaller youth pop and a larger seniors pop. Contrary to some popular belief, the sky will not fall when Canada’s elderly population reaches 20%.

7. Age Structure of the Cdn Pop. In Comparative Perspective Median Dep Age Age Age Age Ratio 0-19 20-64 65+ Canada37.60.6425.961.113.0 USA35.50.6928.759.012.3 Australia35.20.6627.660.112.3 UK37.70.6925.259.115.8 France37.60.7025.358.716.0 Germany40.10.6021.162.516.4 Italy40.20.6119.662.318.1 Japan41.20.6120.662.217.2 Mexico23.30.9343.451.94.7 The larger the proportion in the dependent age groups, the higher the dependency ratio.

8. Selected Highlights Concerning Canadian Families Divorce Rate: - major jump after leg’v change of 1968 - major interprovincial variation - still about twice as many marriages as divorces each year Next two slides are for students’ interest only. They were not covered in class and students are not responsible for them for the test.

10. Québec19,76217,4082,3543.41.3 Winnipeg19,80119,0027991.20.7 St. John's5,9225,7251971.11.4 Saskatoon10,78311,046-263-1.1-3.9 Thunder Bay3,8624,095-233-1.9-8.9 Trois-Rivières4,6874,969-282-2.0-2.1 Saint John3,3133,741-428-3.4-0.8 Sudbury4,9945,693-699-4.4-9.7 Regina7,1598,560-1,401-7.0-5.9 Chicoutimi- Jonquière3,5185,183-1,665-10.4-10