1. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré1 Measurements of some Crystals with PMT R&D on Calorimeters Jean Peyré Lund - June 2007

2. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré2 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals

3. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré3 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

4. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré4 Energy Resolutions CsI(Tl )+VM2000+APD/PMT+ 137 Cs 5,74% 8,05% 8,23%9,39% 6,70% 9,40%10,33% 5,86%6,57% 12,28% 22x22x2222x22x22044x22x20066x22x200 XP5300B XP1912 APD S8664-1010

5. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré5 XP1452 XP1452  38 mm (Active area 4x272mm2), green extended bialkaly Quantum efficiency 30% at 420nm, 20% at 550nm Size from 35mm to 50mm Use of XP1452 foreseen in 2006 Next tests with XP1452

6. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré6 Conclusions of Milano Oct 2006 1.Collected light through long crystals is not constant. Tests with non collimated 137 Cs source give resolutions greater that 15%. 2.The choice of VM2000 seems obvious 3.With XP1912, it seems difficult to have a resolution better than 9%-10% at 662keV on long crystals because: a.Area covered by PMT is only 36% with 22x22 output face b.Intrinsic resolution of crystal is quite high (~4/5%) c.Photocathode is not green extended bialkaly 4.Resolution obtained with PMT XP1912 and APD are quite comparable until 3.25MeV 5.No work has been done on surface quality (polished/rough) 6.Use of XP1452 seems promising 7.Tests on LaCl 3 /LaCl 3 crystals

7. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré7 Conclusions of Milano Oct 2006 Photo detector Area photok /Area Xtal Quantum Efficiency Global Efficiency @0.66 Mev @1.33 Mev @3.25 Mev Cost XP5300B>484 mm 2 100%24% 5.54%4.83%4.36%Test only XP1912176 mm 2 36%14%5%9.25%7.11%5.49%120€ XP1452 38x38 272 mm 2 56%20%11%6.89%5.62%4.73%350/2 € XP1452 44x44 380 mm 2 79%20%16%6.21%5.21%4.54%350/2 € APD100 mm 2 21%85%17%9.00%6.64%5.15%150€ Calculated Resolutions Xtal 22x22x220 @550nm

8. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré8 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

9. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré9 Photo detector Area photok /Area Xtal Quantum Efficiency Global Efficiency @0.66 Mev @1.33 Mev @3.25 Mev Cost XP5300B>484 mm 2 100%24% 5.54%4.83%4.36%Test only XP1912176 mm 2 36%14%5%9.25%7.11%5.49%120€ XP1452 38x38 272 mm 2 56%20%11%6.89%5.62%4.73%350/2 € XP1452 44x44 380 mm 2 79%20%16%6.21%5.21%4.54%350/2 € APD100 mm 2 21%85%17%9.00%6.64%5.15%150€ Measurements with Square PMT Calculated Resolutions Xtal 22x22x220 @550nm Measured reasult:6,75% Case #1 : In Red : Crystal CsI(Tl) 22x22x22 In Black : PMT XP1452 Case #2 : In Red : Crystal CsI(Tl) 22x22x22 In Black : PMT XP1452 Measured reasult:6,42%

10. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré10 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

11. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré11 Results for PMT + 137 Cs Crystal from St-Gobain 22x22x220

12. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré12 Results for PMT + 137 Cs Crystal from St-Gobain 22x44x220

13. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré13 Results for PMT + 137 Cs Crystal from St-Gobain 22x66x220

14. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré14 Results for PMT + 137 Cs Crystal from St-Gobain 22x22x220 Crystal 22x22x220 Before modification by St Gobain Output face polished and others unpolished After modification by St Gobain Polished (brown), unpolished (red)

15. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré15 Results for PMT + 137 Cs Crystal from St-Gobain 22x44x200 & 22x66x200 Crystal 22x44x200 & 22x66x200 Before modification by St Gobain Output face polished and others unpolished After modification by St Gobain Polished (brown), unpolished (red)

16. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré16 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

17. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré17 Results for PMT + 137 Cs Crystal from Amcrys 22x22x220

18. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré18 Results for PMT + 137 Cs Crystal from St-Gobain/Amcrys/Scionnix 22x22x220

19. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré19 Energy Resolutions CsI(Tl )+VM2000+PMT+ 137 Cs Crystal from different companies with XP5300B 5,74% 6,71%6,33% 5.96%5,75% St-GobainAmcrysScionnix 22x22x220 6,29% 22x22x22

20. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré20 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

21. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré21 LaBr3 & LaCl3 Crystals LaBr 3 & LaCl 3 Crystals from St –Gobain 1inch diam and 1inch length

22. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré22 Energy Resolution of LaBr3 data from St-Gobain

23. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré23 Energy Resolution of LaBr3 LaBr3 diam25x25 measured @ IPNO

24. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré24 Energy Resolution for some Crystals 60Co 137Cs 56Co LaBr3 LaCl3 CsI(Tl) CsI(Na) 22x22x22 Diam25x25 XP5300B Energy resolution

25. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré25 Energy Resolution for some Crystals 60Co 137Cs 56Co LaBr3 LaCl3 CsI(Tl) CsI(Na) 22x22x22 Diam25x25 4700phé 6800phé 10705phé 13172phé @662keV N:number of photo-electrons XP5300B Energy resolution

26. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré26 Energy Resolution you can obtain with CsI( Tl ) With PMT: R: global resolution R S : scintillator resolution R M : Photomultiplier resolution v(M): variance of the PMT gain (~0,1) N: Number of photoelectrons N phéRM pmtRS scintR 9008,62%4,00%9,50% 9508,39%4,00%9,29% 10008,17%4,00%9,10% 20005,78%4,00%7,03% 30004,72%4,00%6,19% 40004,09%4,00%5,72% 50003,66%4,00%5,42% 60003,34%4,00%5,21%

27. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré27 “Intrisic” Energy Resolution for some Crystals N:number of photo-electrons LaBr3 LaCl3 CsI(Tl) CsI(Na) RmRm R RsRs RmRm R RsRs RmRm R RsRs RmRm R RsRs The intrisic resolution is not constant with Energy and depends on root of the energy (1/root(E)) Labr3 is the only Crystal whose resolution is not mainly dominated by the quality of the crystal (R s ) but also by collected light (N) Energy resolution

28. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré28 Separation of peaks with Labr3 For 60 Co, 3 peaks at 3,202, 3,253 et 3,273 MeV. Is it possible to separate the first one from the others? 3.45MeV 3.25MeV + 3.27Mev 3.20MeV 2.74MeV Energy Nb of counts

29. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré29 Separation of peaks for Labr3 & CsI(Tl) 3.25MeV + 3.27Mev 3.20MeV Energy Nb of counts Labr3 3.25MeV + 3.27Mev + 3.20MeV CsI(Tl) Energy Nb of counts R1.4% @3.2MeV R2.8% @3.2MeV R3.6% @3.2MeV

30. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré30 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3 b)Time measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3/BaF2 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals

31. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré31 Time measurements with some Xtals Those new crystals (particularly LaBr 3 ) give also good time resolution (comparable to BaF 2 )

32. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré32 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

33. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré33 Possible Calorimeter Design We have ordered 2 CsI(Tl) crystals from Scionnix. All material under test in September at IPNO (CsI(Tl)+Dual PMT) Square PMT (1 per 2 crystals) Rectangular Crystals

34. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré34

35. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré35 Possible Calorimeter Design Prototype In 2008, construction of a prototype of 18 Xtals [CsI(Tl)] with 9 square PMT Simulation and Tests of the prototype with different thickness of material in between the crystals depending on mechanical and physics considerations.

36. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré36 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

37. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré37 Study of thin envelops for LaBr3 Xtals with Saint-Gobain Try to realise a prototype of 20x20x20 mm 3 with St-Gobain LaBr3 inside a carbon alveol to reduce the thickness of envelop 2mm -> <0.5mm Leakage He Test of carbon alveol with aluminium foil (200μm+30μm)

38. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré38 1.Milano conclusions 2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl) a)Measurements with square PMT b)New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals c)Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix 4.Calorimeter Design 3.Measurements with new Crystals a)Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3 b)Time measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3/BaF2 5.Conclusions a)Design and prototype proposition b)Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals

39. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré39 Conclusions CsI(Tl) For CsI(Tl), the basic resolution for different manufacturers is quite comparable for small Crystals, but the wrapping and opticical treatement for long crystals seem at that time to be a very difficult science for St Gobain Energy resolution of 5/5.5% seams reachable with XP1452 at 1MeV New Crystals Even if Labr3/LaCl3 is very promising, St Gobain seems at that time to have great difficulties to make long crystals. Good Energy and Time resolution on small Crystals There are no competitors on this market at that time Are they interested by designing special crystals for physics experiments ? Calorimeter Design Prototype of 18 Crystals for test and simulation in lab