1. IEEM 110: Computing in Industrial Automation

2. Selected Events in the History of Automation Organized automation, mechanization: Industrial revolution, 1770-, England, Europe, US Hard automation and transfer lines: Henry Ford, 1900-, USA Numerically Controlled (NC) machine tools, 1952 (US Air Force, MIT) Microchip computers: late 1960-, USA CNC (computer numerical controlled) machine tools, 1970-, USA Industrial Robots, USA, Japan, 1970- Computer networks, DARPA USA, 1970- Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), Japan, 1980-.

3. Improved quality: Interchangeability, increased life Precise control, Shorter response time Shorter processing time: low lead-time, lower inventory Safety: handling hazardous substance, handling heavy materials Less waste: repeatability Advantages of Automation

4. Basic Structure of Automatic Control System Computers Communication network A/D converter Analog Signals Digital Signals Sensors and Actuators Network Interface Physical Process Analog controls D/A converter MicroprocessorPLC

5. Open Loop, Closed Loop Systems ActuatorDevice Signal ActuatorDevice Signal - Sensor feedback

6. Examples of Automation (1) Kowloon Motor Bus To request the bus to stop, you press a button: A bell rings (once), and A light bulb near the driver’s seat turns ON Q3. Is it a closed loop or open loop control? Q1. Identify the sensor(s) and actuator(s) in this system. Q2. Is it an analog signal or digital?

7. Examples of Automation (2) Kowloon Motor Bus To request the bus to stop, you press a yellow strip A bell rings (once), and A light bulb near the driver’s seat turns ON Q1. What type of sensor is being used here?

8. Examples of Automation (3) When you walk in front of the door, it automatically opens; After a fixed amount of time, it shuts. Automatic doors Q1. Identify the sensor, and the actuators in this case Q3. Give examples of two types of actuators that may be used here Q2. Give examples of two types of sensors that may be used here

9. Examples of Automation (4) HMV (or other CD selling shop) If a person carrying a CD without paying: an alarm rings out, and a light bulb flashes. Q1. What are the sensors and actuators in this case?

10. Examples of Automation (5) Automatic rice cooker Put the rice and water in it in the morning, set it to start cooking at 6pm. It turns on automatically. When the rice is cooked, it switches to “keep warm” mode. Q1. How does it control when to turn on? Q2. What type of sensor(s) and actuators are inside this machine? Q5. The cooker can be set to cook different food types (rice, congee, fish…). How is the logic for so many functions controlled? Q4. How can the rice be kept warm for up to 12 hours? Q3. How would you sense when the rice is cooked?

11. Examples of Automation (6) Park and Shop The sales clerk ‘swipes’ item across a glass sheet on top of the counter. The price (and name) of the item are automatically printed on the receipt. The receipt also calculates the total price of all items you have bought. Q1. Identify the sensors and actuators in this example. Q5. How can the information of “which item is purchased” be used to improve customer service? Q4. How does the system know the price and name of the item? Q3. How does the system know what item was swiped? Q2. Is this an example of digital or analog control?