1. Post doc project links between physiology, behaviour, and life history ecological implications of physiology physiological mechanisms of ecology

2. Life History Behaviour Physiology Cell Biology Molecular Biology Population Ecology Community Ecology

3. Basic design natural and experimentally-induced variation in autumn hoard size winter behaviour and metabolism spring behaviour and metabolism reproductive success

4. a) Metabolic requirements of foraging in a cold environment reduced hoard size increases cold exposure increases thermogenic requirements increased Summit MR – FMR – RMR in winter

5. b) Links between RMR, FMR, and SMR repeated winter and reproductive metabolic measurements quantified and experimentally manipulated food availability

6. d) Metabolic consequences of early reproduction timing of parturition important natural (and experimentally induced?) variation in parturition date predict early breeders have higher FMR (and RMR?), lower production efficiency, but higher RS

7. Life History Behaviour Physiology Cell Biology Molecular Biology Population Ecology Community Ecology

8. I. Autumn Hoarding Behaviour

9. Average = 1170 Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded Number of Individuals Autumn 2001 Hoarding Observations SU/KL Cone Count = 19.5

10. Average = 5020 Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded Number of Individuals Autumn 2002 Hoarding Observations SU/KL Cone Count = 35.0

11. Average = 5020 Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded Number of Individuals Autumn 2003 Hoarding Observations SU/KL Cone Count = 9

12. Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded Number of Cones per Tree Hoarding Functional Response

13. Juveniles (avg= 2950) Ad. Females (avg= 5020) Ad. Males (avg= 8645) Autumn 2002 Hoarding Observations SU/KL Cone Count = 35.0 Within Year Variation by Age and Sex Class Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded Number of Individuals

14. Proportion of Cones Hoarded to 1 o Midden Scatterhoarding vs. Larderhoarding

15. Mushrooms/Truffles vs. Cones Number of Individuals Frequency of Mushroom/Truffle Hoarding (proportion of total # of hoarded items)

16. 20012002 Midden Surface Cone Counts

17. 2001 & 2002 Combined r 2 = 0.32, p < 0.001 Midden Surface Cone Counts

18. II. Winter & Reproductive Energetics

19. Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (kJ/day) Body Mass (g) n = 36, r 2 = 0.11, p = 0.047 Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

20. Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (kJ/day) Avg = 140 kJ/day Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

21. p = 0.23 Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

22. Winter Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) Body Mass (g) n = 51, r 2 = 0.190, p = 0.001 Winter Field Metabolic Rate (FMR or DEE)

23. Winter Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) Avg = 200 kJ/day Winter Field Metabolic Rate (FMR or DEE)

24. Winter FMR (kJ/day) Winter RMR (kJ/day) n = 28, r = 0.012, p = 0.95 Winter FMR vs. Winter RMR

25. Winter Daily Energy Expenditure (x RMR) Avg = 1.45xRMR Winter FMR vs. Winter RMR

26. Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) Winter FMR and Lactating FMR

27. Lactating Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) Body Mass (g) n = 46, r = 0.001, p = 0.94 Lactating FMR

28. Lactating Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) Lactating FMR

29. Lactating Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) Lactating FMR

30. Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) LL Food Add KL/SU Control FMR Summary LL Control

31. Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) LL Food Add KL/SU Control LL Control SourceSum-of-SquaresdfMean-SquareF-ratioP SEASON278658.1571278658.15742.3280.000 TREAT32509.834216254.9172.4690.090 SEASON*TREAT63555.514231777.7574.8270.010 BODYMASS4225.12614225.1260.6420.425 Error592497.575906583.306

32. Daily Energy Expenditure (kJ/day) LL Food Add KL/SU Control FMR Summary LL Control 1994 Control (following mast year)