1. Verb inflectional morphology in L2

2. Ludovica Serratrice (2001) The emergence of verbal morphology and the lead-lag pattern issue in bilingual acquisition” in Cenoz & Genesee (eds.) Trends in Bilingual Acquisition, 43-70 Simultaneous bilingual English-Italian in English speaking society Longitudinal data 1;10-3;1

3. Present tense copula be/essere EnglishItalian 2;41;10;273 rd sg 2;42;53 rd pl

4. Present tense inflections EnglishItalian 1;111sg 2;22sg 3;0-3;11;103sg 2;01pl 2pl 2;53pl But – multiple verb inflections start from 2;2

5. Path-breaking verbs 17 of 82 verbs appear with multiple inflections (>3) Verb specific learning of inflections Most verbs appear with only one or two inflections Verbs with multiple inflections are mostly path-breaking verbs This is not different from monolingual children (Ninio)

6. Gor & Chernigovskaya (2003) Mental Lexicon Structure in L1 and L2 Acquisition: Russian Evidence. Glossos, 4, The Slavic and East European Language Resource Center Adult American learners of Russian with a year of instruction Russian children aged 4-6 with normal linguistic development Sentence completion testing stem recognition based on past input and infinitival input

7. The features of the Russian Verbal System Numerous verb classes Developed conjugational paradigm No sharp division between regular and irregular classes Several regular classes in addition to default Infinitives of many verb classes have unrecoverable stems due to the truncation of the stem-final consonant before consonantal endings. Thus, the default pattern(s) has unrecoverable stem in the infinitive.

10. Findings - 1 This study has demonstrated that child L1 and adult L2 processing had several features in common: Both children and L2 learners generalized the default -aj- pattern to the non-default irregular - a- class. Both used the morphological cues and identified the -i- and -ova- stems. Both made errors in conjugation type and consonant mutations.

11. Finding - 2 There is a developmental tendency in child L1 processing of verbal morphology. Morphological processing in beginning adult L2 learners does not match the processing in any of the child age groups. Child L1 verbal processing depends more on associative patterning, while adult L2 processing depends more on the application of discrete rules.