1. Industrial risk: main issues (Scira Menoni, Politecnico di Milano)

2. A relevant problem of planning is that everything has to be done so quickly.… My experience is that the overall time of design and implementation is shorter if there is enough time to think to the entire project (M. Andersson, Swedish Railway Adm.)

3. Air pollution/toxic cloud Groundwater contamination/toxic release Accidents menacing people, houses, infrastructu res Contamination of neighborhoods, rural areas…

4. Chemical risk Severe accident * Sudden * Acute effects * Explosion/fires/release * Accident during hazmat transportation Contamination * Delayed * Long term effects * Chronic/degenerative effects

6. Contamination risk: epidemiological studies Hazard * Toxic substances * Context conditions must be considered: geological, metereological… Exposure and vulnerability * Exposure factors * Individual susceptibility (cancerogenic markers)

7. Reference legislation in the EU 1.Seveso Directive II: 96/82/CEE 2. Seveso Directive III: 2003/105/EC 3. D.lgs 334/1999 eD.lgs 238/2005 4. DM 151, 9/5/2001

8. Seveso Directive II: 96/82/CEE e DGL 334/1999; Seveso Directive III: 2003/105/EC e Dlgs 238/2005 Safety management and policy in the firm Control over land uses Right to be informed External emergency plan

9. Classification of plants * Plants subject to safety report * Plants subject to notification only

10. Difference between probabilistic risk analysis and scenario approach Probabilistic risk analysis R= H* V*E Scenarios: choosing a specific event and its characteristics Hazard Vulnerabity Risk

11. P 1 P 2 P 3 A way to bring scenario approaches closer to probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)

12. Hazard analysis: - probability of each scenario; scenario; - Analysis of types of failures in the plant failures in the plant - Chain of failures

13. Vulnerability assessment: - Other plants (domino effects); - lifelines (domino effects); - transportation networks;

14. Vulnerability assessment: - Public buildings; - Dwellings; - Population

15. Differences between Seveso I and II Seveso I Need to make hazardous installations safer (inspection, technical devices) Internal emergency plan Citizens’ right to knowCitizens’ right to know Seveso II Seveso 1 + Safety policy in the plant Focus from inside to outside: -Domino effects; -Land use planning -External emergencyplants

17. and: hazmat transportation. A future directive?

22. And last but not least: brownfield cleaning up (DM 447/1999)