1. Fish Taxonomy

2. KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUM CHORDATA SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini (1 order)
Class Cephalaspidomorphi (1 order)
SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes (10 orders)
Class Sarcopterygii (3 orders)
Class Actinopterygii (4 orders)
Division Teleostei (35-38 orders)

3. KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUM Chordata SUPERCLASS Agnatha
Class Myxini (1 order)
Class Cephalaspidomorphi (1 order)
SUPERCLASS Gnathostomata
Class Chondrichthyes (10 orders)
Class Sarcopterygii (3 orders)
Class Actinopterygii (4 orders)
Division Teleostei (35-38 orders)

4. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini
Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali
Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
Subclass Elasmobranchii
9 orders (sharks, rays, skates)
Class Sarcopterygii
Subclass Coelacanthimorpha
Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths)
Subclass Dipnoi
Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish)
Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish)
Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes)
Subclass Chondrostei
Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish)
Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
Subclass Neopterygii
Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars)
Order Amiiformes (bowfin)
Division Teleostei
35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

5. Bond pp. 77-87 Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini
Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali
Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
Subclass Elasmobranchii
9 orders (sharks, rays, skates)
Class Sarcopterygii
Subclass Coelacanthimorpha
Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths)
Subclass Dipnoi
Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish)
Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish)
Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes)
Subclass Chondrostei
Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish)
Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
Subclass Neopterygii
Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars)
Order Amiiformes (bowfin)
Division Teleostei
35-38 orders (modern body fishes)
Bond pp

6. Jawless - feed through sucking mouthparts
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Jawless - feed through sucking mouthparts
Gill openings are pores, not slits
No paired fins
Silurian/early Devonian periods ( MYA)
3 classes
Myxini (hagfishes)
Cephalaspidimorphi (lampreys)
Pteraspidimorphi (extinct)
Courtesy: tolweb.org

7. most primitive vertebrates marine only no larval stage (yet found)
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini
Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
most primitive vertebrates
marine only
no larval stage (yet found)
degenerate eyes – no lens or iris
cartilaginous skeleton
no lateral line
one semicircular canal
prominent barbels
no separate dorsal fin

8. scavengers (NOT parasites)
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini
Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
scavengers (NOT parasites)

9. no osmoregulation: body fluids at same salinity as ocean
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini
Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
structurally but not functionally hermaphroditic (function as male OR female at a given time)
no osmoregulation: body fluids at same salinity as ocean
~ 40 spp. today
economic importance - leather and food source in Asia

10. no paired fins; dorsal fin(s) well developed eyes gill pouches
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
developed vertebrae
no paired fins; dorsal fin(s)
well developed eyes
gill pouches
two semicircular canals; single nostril

11. long larval stage (ammocoetes)
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
long larval stage (ammocoetes)
~ 30 species - anadromous and freshwater
parasitic forms: larvae metamorphose, reproduce as parasites
non-parasitic forms: skip feeding stage
non-parasitic forms (detritus-feeders) develop from parasitic forms only in fresh water

12. food source (Europe, Asia) Great Lakes fisheries medical research
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
Economic importance
food source (Europe, Asia)
Great Lakes fisheries
medical research

13. Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini
Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali
Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
Subclass Elasmobranchii
9 orders (sharks, rays, skates)
Class Sarcopterygii
Subclass Coelacanthimorpha
Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths)
Subclass Dipnoi
Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish)
Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish)
Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes)
Subclass Chondrostei
Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish)
Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
Subclass Neopterygii
Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars)
Order Amiiformes (bowfin)
Division Teleostei
35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

14. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
jawed
gills are slits
paired fins
Silurian (400 MYA)
4 classes
Placodermi (extinct)
Chondrichthyes
Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii (rayfins, higher bony fishes)

15. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Placodermi
Extinct
jaws first appear
gill arches first appear
paired fins
bony plates
Courtesy:

16. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Courtesy:
Chimaeras, sharks, skates & rays
cartilaginous
teeth not fused to jaws
‘placental’ to oviparous reproduction
embryos are sometimes encased
gestation up to 2 yrs
Courtesy:

17. Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii
SUPERCLASS AGNATHA
Class Myxini
Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes)
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali
Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
Subclass Elasmobranchii
9 orders (sharks, rays, skates)
Class Sarcopterygii
Subclass Coelacanthimorpha
Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths)
Subclass Dipnoi
Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish)
Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish)
Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes)
Subclass Chondrostei
Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish)
Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
Subclass Neopterygii
Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars)
Order Amiiformes (bowfin)
Division Teleostei
35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

18. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali
Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
typically in shallow to mid-depth
water
all marine
Cretaceous
ratfish

19. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali
Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
gills in four pairs
spiracle absent
skin naked in adults
cloaca absent
males have pelvic intromittent organs (claspers)
two dorsal fins, first erectile with a spine and poison gland
diphycercal tail (symmetrical-tapering-whiplike)

20. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Holocephali
Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
upper jaw/mouth fused to cranium
teeth are grinding plates
elephantfish,
plownose