2. Review from Tuesday: State-making as institution building State-making as product of rulers’ interests (the logic of expanding power externally through war made states strong internally as bureaucracy developed) Negotiating support for war efforts, people gained benefits such as rule of law Our case studies: states in Europe

3. Increase in number of states 1776: 20 1919: 60 1950: 70 1960: 90 2005: 192

4. Herbst, Jeffrey. 1990. “War and the State in Africa,” International Security 14 (Spring):117-39.

5. Organization of African Unity, 1963 Explicit and implicit agreement to respect external sovereignty

6. Problem of taxation in weak states: Focus on taxing foreign trade hurts economy and leads to corruption

7. Solutions for weak states: External economic pressure Ban on trade in resources that fuel conflicts Direct intervention Shared sovereignty NGOs as state substitute

8. Why help weak states? State collapse leads to crime, poverty, social chaos, disease, ethnic conflict, narcotics trade, weapons trade, terrorist training camps. Weak states are a large security threat.