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Managing Team Performance: Overview
Definition and Importance of Teams Types of Teams and Implications for PM Purposes and Challenges of Team PM Including Team Performance in the PM System Rewarding Team Performance
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Definition of Team Two or more people Interact Share common and valued
Dynamically Independently Share common and valued Goal, Objective or Mission
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Importance of Teams Increased pressure, including global competition
Flexibility in flatter organizations Complexity of products and services Rapidly changing business environments
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Performance Management & Teams
PM systems should target: Individual performance Individual’s contribution to team performance Performance of entire team
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General principles of PM relating to teams
Design and implement best system possible Consider dangers of poorly implemented system
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Managing for Improved Team Performance
Don’t limit team processes with other task or organizational requirements Provide good team design and organizational support Give feedback only on processes that the team members can control
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Types of Teams Classified by Complexity of task
Membership configuration
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Complexity of Task ranges from:
Routine Well defined Few deviations in how work is done Outcomes easily assessed - to - Non-routine Not defined well No clear specifications on how to do the work Outcomes are long term and difficult to assess
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Membership Configuration includes
Length of time team expects to work together Stability of team membership Static Dynamic
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Types of Teams Based on Membership Configuration and Task Complexity
Dynamic ° Network Teams Membership Configuration ° Project Static ° Work and Service Teams Routine Non - Task Complexity
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Types of Teams Work or Service Teams Project Teams Network Teams
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Work or Service Teams Intact Routine tasks Share similar skill sets
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Project Teams Assembled for specific purpose
Tasks outside core product or service Members from different functional areas
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Network Teams Membership not constrained by Teams may include
Time or space Organizational boundaries Teams may include Temporary or full-time workers Customers Vendors Consultants Work is extremely non-routine
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Examples of PM Approaches by Type of Team
Work & Service Team Project Team Network Team Type of PM Approach Peer ratings Ongoing measurements Development of competencies
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Purposes of Team PM Traditional goals of any PM System
Specific to Team performance: Make all team members accountable Motivate all team members to have a stake in team performance
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Challenges of Team PM How do we assess relative individual contribution? How do we balance individual and team performance? How do we identify individual and team measures of performance?
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6 Basic Principles for Designing a PM System That Includes Team Performance
Make sure your team is really a team. Make the investment to measure. Define measurement goals clearly. Use a multi-method approach to measurement. Focus on process as well as outcomes. Measure long-term changes.
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Performance Management Process (Overview/Review)
Prerequisites Performance Planning Performance Execution Performance Renewal and Re-contracting Performance Assessment Performance Review
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Prerequisites Knowledge of mission
Organization Team Knowledge of job to be performed by the team, including KSAs
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Prerequisites KSAs needed for most teams: Task Contextual
Communication Decision-making Collaboration Team leadership Self-control
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Performance Planning Results expected of the team
Behaviors expected of team members Developmental objectives to be achieved by team and its members
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Performance Execution
Team responsibilities Commit to goal achievement Seek feedback from Each other Supervisor Communicate openly & regularly Conduct regular & realistic peer-appraisals
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Performance Execution
Supervisor responsibilities Observe and document Team performance Relative contribution of team members Update team on any changes in goals of the organization Provide resources & reinforcement
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Performance Assessment
Types of Assessments Self-appraisals Peer evaluations Supervisor evaluation Outsider appraisals (if appropriate)
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Performance Assessment
Kinds of Performance to be Assessed Individual task performance Individual contextual performance Team performance
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Dimensions of Team Performance to Assess:
Effectiveness Efficiency Learning and growth Team member satisfaction
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Performance Review Two meetings with supervisor or review board
Team meeting Individual meeting Emphasis on past, present and future
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Team Meeting Discuss overall team Information comes from: Performance
Results Information comes from: Team members Other teams/outsiders Supervisor’s evaluation
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Individual Meeting Discuss how individual behavior contributed to team performance Information comes from: Self-appraisal Peer ratings Supervisor’s evaluation
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Performance Renewal and Re-Contracting
Make adjustments to performance plan Include plan for individual performance as it affects team functioning
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Making Team-based Rewards Effective
All employees should be eligible Rewards should be Visible Contingent Reversible Avoid factors which cause reward systems to fail Consider variable pay systems (in addition to individual bonuses)
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Quick Review Definition and Importance of Teams
Types of Teams and Implications for PM Purposes and Challenges of Team PM Including Team Performance in the PM System Rewarding Team Performance
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