1. 1 Cancer PREVENTION “Take charge of your life and learn as much as you can about illness. Knowledge generates hope.” Lance Armstrong Winner of 6 Tour de France Titles and Cancer Survivor Thurs, Nov. 16- Online reading Quiz due

2. 2 4 Leading Risk Factors of Cancer Tobacco Use Diet and obesity Sedentary lifestyle Overexposure to the sun

3. 3 What is Cancer? Definition Definition: Diseases of malignant Cells Tumor Tumor: a mass of tissue that serves no purpose. Malignant tumor Malignant tumor : cancerous Benign tumor Benign tumor :noncancerous

4. 4 How Cancer Spreads Metastasis: Metastasis: the spreading of cancer cells Cells break away from primary tumor and invade surrounding tissues or travel through the blood and lymphatic system. Secondary tumor or metastases

5. 5 Malignant Tumors Carcinomas Carcinomas - most common - Linings, tubes, cavities and secretion glands. Sarcomas: Sarcomas: arise in connective and fibrous tissues. Bone, muscle, cartilage and membranes covering muscle or fat. Lymphomas: Lymphomas: Cancers of the lymph nodes. Leukemia Leukemia: Cancer of the blood-forming cells in bone marrow.

6. 6 The Incidence of Cancer 1.3 million Americans are diagnosed yearly More than half will be cured. About 40% will die as a result of cancer. 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be develop cancer during their lifetime.

7. 7 What type of cancer has the highest mortality rate (for men and women)?

8. 8 The Big Four of Cancer Highest Mortality Rate Lung: #1 for men and women Colon: #2 for men and women Breast: #1 for women Prostate: #1 for men

9. 9 2005 Estimated US Cancer Deaths* ONS=Other nervous system. Source: American Cancer Society, 2005. Men 295,28 0 Women 275,000 27%Lung and bronchus 15%Breast 10%Colon and rectum 6%Ovary 6%Pancreas 4%Leukemia 3%Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3%Uterine corpus 2%Multiple myeloma 2%Brain 22% All other sites Lung and bronchus 31% Prostate 10% Colon and rectum 10% Pancreas 5% Leukemia4% Esophagus4% Non-Hodgkin 3% Lymphoma Urinary bladder3% Kidney3% All other sites 24%

10. 10 Cancer Death Rates*, All Sites Combined, All Races, US, 1975-2001 *Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004. Men Both Sexes Women Rate Per 100,000

11. 11 Cancer Death Rates*, for Men, US,1930-2001 *Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004. Lung & bronchus Colon & rectum Prostate Pancreas Stomach Liver Rate Per 100,000 Leukemia

12. 12 Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, By Site, Men, US, 1999-2001 Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan Site Risk All sites 1 in 2 Prostate 1 in 6 Lung and bronchus1 in 13 Colon and rectum1 in 17 Urinary bladder1 in 28 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma1 in 46 Melanoma1 in 53 Kidney1 in 67 Leukemia1 in 68 Oral Cavity1 in 73 Stomach1 in 81

13. 13 Testicular Cancer The Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2006 about ___________new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in the United States. An estimated ________ men will die of testicular cancer in the year 2005.

14. 14 Testicular Cancer The Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2006 about 8,010 new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in the United States. An estimated 390 American men will die of testicular cancer in the year 2005. Testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer. Prevention- Testicular self-exams Studies show that the cure rate exceeds 90% in all stages combined. The 5-year survival rate for stage I testicular cancer is 99%. Lance on-Line! http://www.laf.org

15. 15 Cancer Death Rates*, for Women, US,1930-2001 *Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004. Lung & bronchus Colon & rectum Uterus Stomach Breast Ovary Pancreas Rate Per 100,000

16. 16 Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, By Site, Women, US, 1999-2001 Source:DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan SiteRisk All sites 1 in 3 Breast 1 in 7 Lung & bronchus 1 in 18 Colon & rectum 1 in 18 Uterine corpus 1 in 38 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 in 56 Ovary 1 in 68 Melanoma 1 in 78 Pancreas 1 in 81 Urinary bladder 1 in 88 Uterine cervix 1 in 130

17. 17 Cancer Death Rates*, by Race and Ethnicity, 1997-2001 *Per 100,000, age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. † Hispanic is not mutually exclusive from whites, African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians. Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.

18. 18 Cancer Incidence Rates* by Sex and Race, All Sites, 1975-2001 *Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004. African American men White men White women African American women Rate Per 100,000

19. 19 Common Cancers Skin Cancer Skin Cancer: Most common form of cancer Easily detected and highly curable Exposure to ultraviolet rays during childhood Common cause - sunburns and suntans Types: Basal and Squamous Melanoma - more dangerous form Prevention Detection and Treatment

20. 20 Sunburn* Prevalence (%) in the Past Year, Adults 18 and Older, US, 1999 *Reddening of any part of the skin (regardless of size) for more than 12 hours. Source: Saraiya et al. Am J Prev Med 2002;23(2). Note: The overall prevalence of sunburn among adult males is 39.7% and among females is 28.8%. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System CD-ROM, 1999. National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000.

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22. 22 Screening Guidelines for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer, American Cancer Society  Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 40 and continuing for as long as a woman is in good health.  A clinical breast exam should be part of a periodic health exam -about every three years for women in their 20s and 30s -every year for women 40 and older.  Monthly Breast self-exams for women starting in their 20s.  Women at increased risk (e.g., family history, genetic tendency, past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests (i.e., breast ultrasound and MRI), or having more frequent exams.

23. 23 Foods That Contain Cancer- Preventing Substances Broccoli Brussels sprouts Cabbage Cauliflower Carrots Red peppers Tomato Sweet potato Collard greens Green Tea Kale Spinach Apricot Cantaloupe Grapefruit Orange Papaya Peach Plum Watermelon

24. 24 Links to Cancer Inactivity and Obesity Linked to colon cancer Benefits of Physical Activity

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26. 26 Carcinogens in the Environment Ingested Chemicals Environmental and Industrial pollution Radiation

27. 27 Detecting Cancer Self Monitoring is Essential

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29. 29 www.cancer.org Cancer is the 2 nd leading cause of death in the U.S. (after heart disease)

30. 30 Your Immune system Think of: ► Your body as a country ► The immune system as that country's defense forces ► Viruses, bacteria, and parasites as a hostile, foreign army

31. 31 Prevention Lifestyle Choices Stress Management and your Immune System Early Detection 7 Cancer Warning Signs Self Exams Screenings

32. 32 Cancer Treatment Get a 2 nd Opinion Do your homework! (Research viable treatments, side effects, benefits and risks) # cases treated for specific cancer Clinical Trials www.cancer.org

33. 33 Detecting, Diagnosing and Treating Cancer Proven Treatments Proven Treatments: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplants

34. 34 Laughter Therapy??! Laughter is a form of internal jogging. It moves your internal organs around. It enhances respiration. It is an igniter of great expectations. Norman Cousins Norman Cousins Who is Norman Cousins?

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36. 36 Life is what happens when you’re making other plans. John Lennon Laugh loud and often Devour your weekend.