1. Do our monitoring programmes provide the appropriate data/answers for the questions/issues of concern?  Are our methods and approaches sufficient ?

2. Monitoring Programmes have many purposes, * Documentation of agricultural impact on water quality; nutrients, N, P, SS,pesticides.. * Effect of different production systems, management practices

3. Monitoring for : * documentation (amounts, seasons, districts, productions..) * giving data to modelling ? * international reporting? (OSPAR, HELCOM, WFD) * advice to policymakers (subsidies, rules, regulations..) * advisory service * research * quantification or explanation (processes, pathways ?)

4. Monitoring: catchment, field, plot (scale - process- purpose of monitoring?)

5. Where do we measure ? What do we measure? How do we measure?

6. Discharge measurements Water flow proportional sampling. (14 days) Catchment, km2 Field scale: Surface runoff Drainage runoff Ground water??

7. Erosion in Skuterud catchment, Ås

8. Autumn ploughed area

9. Changes in autumn tillage/practises in catchments dominated by cereals

10. Monitoring station: Losses of SS out of the catchment Why high losses? which fields contribute ? Source of particles ? How to reduce the losses

14. Data needed for explaining results: * farm level, field level e.g fertilizing, crops, tillage date of management- event studies (from questionnairres) but not data from processes, transport pathways e.g bank side erosion, preferential flow ground water leaching Monitoring of change in farming activities, management practices. How to use the data?

15. Why model erosion ? Why not measure erosion? COMPARED to field experiments, mathematical simulation models of agricultural systems are a relatively inexpensive and fast method to compare the effectiveness of different agricultural practices (Posch and Rekolainen 1993) Do the models give answers to how water quaity is developing ?

16. Benefits of modelling * cheaper than research (?) * simulation over a long time period ( different weather conditions, cropping systems..) * not possible to measure every combination of climate, topography, soil, management etc. * scaling to other areas where measurements are not performed * possible to test differetn scenarios * tool for planning, advisory models, economically models, link to other models * international cooperation, comparison

17. Monitoring Programmes - can they give answers to all the international reporting coming up? - necessary changes to meet the requirements of Water Frame Directive ? - Should the Nordic and Baltic monitoring programmes be more harmonised? Increased cooperation ? - How to continue the cooperation between the National Monitoring Programmes ?

18. Gjennomsnittlig snødybde og teledyp, vinteren 1997/98

19. Ustabile vintre vekslende fryse/tine sykluser glasert overflate stor erosjon ved regnvær på delvis frosset jord