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Essentials of Fire Fighting 6th Edition Firefighter I
Chapter 21 — Fire and Life Safety Initiatives
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Learning Objective 1 Explain the steps taken during fire and life safety program development.
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Firefighters need to understand the value of a life safety program.
Help meet mission statements Encourage, empower citizens Raise awareness among department Emphasize firefighter safety Help firefighters
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Development of a life safety program should be systematic.
Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) Model published by FEMA
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The first step in the THIRA is to identify threats and hazards.
Natural Technological Threats or human-caused Courtesy of Chris Mikal Courtesy of Rich Mahaney
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The second step in the THIRA is to give identified threats a context.
Brief explanation of conditions Include Possible time, location Portion of population at greatest risk
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The third step in the THIRA is to examine jurisdictional core capabilities.
Based on list of descriptions Effects vary among communities Combine effects with outcomes community wants to reach in reasonable time
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The fourth step in the THIRA is to set capability targets.
Set once outcomes defined Should result in
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The final step in the THIRA is to apply the assessment results.
Develop action plans Coordinate activities with others Purchase materials Educate public
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REVIEW QUESTION What steps should be taken when developing a fire and life safety program?
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Learning Objective 2 Describe the components involved in fire and life safety program delivery.
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Life safety program delivery is based on the five Es.
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Answering questions not typically covered can be a part of education.
Fire prevention presentations CPR training classes Fire prevention week activities annually in October Fire extinguisher training Home safety education Slip and fall prevention for older adults General health education for community or fire department Practical bicycle safety for youths
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Enforcement activities are usually grouped into a few categories.
Building Fire Life safety Enforce regulations internally
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Economic incentives can also play a role in program delivery.
Tax deductions Manufacturer’s rebates Decreased insurance rates Payment to participate
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Fire and life safety program delivery also requires engineering.
Prevent hazard Reduce harm Provide solutions Manufacturers Designers Contractors Primary responsibility Federal, state, local laws/ordinances Installation mandated Fire department Other agency Enforcement
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Emergency response is another aspect of program delivery.
Fire Extrication Medical care Structural collapse Specialized rescue May include other emergencies Not same purpose as initiatives Not preventative measure
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REVIEW QUESTION What components are involved in fire and life safety program delivery?
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Learning Objective 3 Explain the impact of safety hazards, messages, and target audiences on creating fire and life safety education programs.
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Learning Objective 4 Indicate ways to identify and prevent firesetter development.
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Fire and life safety education is designed to reach two goals.
Inform citizens about unsafe behaviors Provide information on how to change behaviors
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Fire and life safety hazards are the two broad categories of hazards.
Fire – Condition that would increase Likelihood of fire starting Extent or severity of fire Safety – Unsafe behaviors, conditions that result in Injury Death Property damage not related to fire
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Other hazards can also be the focus of provided safety messages.
Unsafe behaviors Unsafe conditions Hazardous processes
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Fire and life safety messages are chosen based on community assessment of risk and fall into four categories. Prevent Prepare Protect Persuade
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Presentation materials are typically organized based on audience age range.
Preschool children Elementary age children Middle school children High school students Adults Older adults
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REVIEW QUESTION How does identifying a target audience impact the creation of a fire and life safety program?
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Structure surveys can be part of fire and life safety education.
Performed by fire companies Become familiar with Provide public service Not required by law Company-level preincident survey Generally on occupied structures Include public areas Others subject to survey Firefighter I goals Learn about community Help distribute information Learn about improving structure safety
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Juvenile firesetter programs take steps to reduce fires set by children.
Identify at risk children Assess cause of obsession Intervene in behavioral development
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The U.S. Fire Administration identifies the impact of juvenile firesetters.
Arson arrests Property loss 2nd leading cause of fatalities
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Identify categories Steps to take Observational duties
Juvenile firesetters can be identified using information from several sources. Identify categories Steps to take Observational duties
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Should teach Provide adults with Report
Prevention of juvenile firesetters is accomplished through several messages. Should teach Provide adults with Report Matches, lighters not toys How to use – With supervision Destructiveness Categories, indicators Importance of keeping matches, lighters out of reach Supervise young children Make children aware of dangers Hire only properly trained babysitter Trends to personnel or professionals Follow department SOPs
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REVIEW QUESTION What are some steps that can be taken to help prevent firesetter development?
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Learning Objective 5 Describe the role of a Firefighter I in enforcing fire and life safety codes.
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Fire and life safety codes are adopted using a specific process.
Model code Starting point Developed by consensus organization Agreed-upon requirements Only enforceable when adopted by AJH Know if current or not Steps Final draft received Prepared for formal adoption Date set for implementation; announcement made
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You should understand the two basic aspects of code enforcement.
Inspections Investigation
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REVIEW QUESTION What role does the Firefighter I perform when enforcing fire and life safety codes?
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Summary Fire and life safety initiative programs benefit both the community and the fire department. When properly implemented the program can help provide an accurate assessment of hazards to which the community must respond.
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