1. Those Who Can, Teach 10th Edition Kevin Ryan and James M. Cooper
Chapter 9
What Is the History of American Education?

2. Themes in American Public Education
Local control
Universal education
Public education
Comprehensive education
Secular education
Changing ideas of the basics
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Colonial Education
New England Colonies - Town and district schools were first form of public schools.
Middle Colonies - Diverse population led to founding of private venture schools, many with earliest emphasis on vocational education.
Southern Colonies - Dispersed population and class distinctions contributed to a lack of formal education for many children, with private tutoring for the wealthy.
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4. Arguments For and Against Common Schools
Democracy depended upon an educated populace
A system of common schools would promote a common American culture
Schooling would enhance opportunities and general prosperity
Against
Some citizens would pay for schooling of others’ children
Common schooling would weaken cultural identities of diverse groups
Concerns over religious teachings in schools affected many diverse groups
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5. European Influences on American Public Education
Froebel - Kindergarten
Pestalozzi - object lessons and sequencing of learning
Herbart - moral education
Montessori - Montessori methods
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6. Progressive Education Principles
The child should have freedom to develop naturally.
Natural interest is the best motive for work.
The teacher is a guide, not a taskmaster.
A student’s development must be measured scientifically, not just by grades.
Students’ general health and physical development require attention.
The school and the home must work together to meet children’s needs.
The progressive school should be a leader in trying new educational ideas.
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7. Enrollment in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools
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8. Development of American Secondary Schools
Latin Grammar Schools
English Grammar Schools
Academies
Public High Schools
Comprehensive High Schools
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9. History of School Desegregation Efforts
Brown v. Board of Education ruling
1960s s - controversy over busing, “white flight” in big cities made desegregation difficult
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg ruling backed busing to hasten desegregation
1990s - present - reversal or end of many desegregation programs, resegregation in many areas, especially large cities
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