1. Q UARTER 2 HSA R EVIEW S ESSION Molecular Movement & Bioenergetics

2. M OLECULAR M OVEMENT Diffusion: Osmosis: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration in order to reach equilibrium. The diffusion of water; the movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration in order to reach equilibrium.

3. C ONCENTRATION & O SMOSIS Concentration of Environmental Solution Compared with Object: _____ ______ ______

4. Q UESTION 1 Which of these is the process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane? a. osmosis b. transpiration c. capillary action d. active transport

5. Q UESTION 2 Which of these substances moves across cell membranes by osmosis? a. salt b. sugar c. water d. protein

6. Q UESTION 3 Use the information and the diagram below to answer questions 3 and 4. Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing a starch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution. 3. If the dialysis sac is permeable only to water and iodine, what will the solutions in the beaker and the sac look like after two hours? a. The iodine solution in the beaker will turn blue-black; the starch solution will not change. b. The starch solution in the dialysis sac will turn blue-black; the iodine solution will not change. c. Neither solution will turn blue-black. d. Both solutions will turn blue-black.

7. Q UESTION 4 Use the information and the diagram below to answer questions 3 and 4. Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing a starch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution. Which of these processes is demonstrated by the experiment shown in the diagram? a.cellular respiration b.active transport c.endocytosis d.diffusion

8. Q UESTION 5 Many bacteria live in fresh water. Which of these statements best describes what will happen when freshwater bacterial cells are placed in salt water? a. Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to expand. b. Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to shrink. c. Water enters the cell, causing the cell to expand. d. Water enters the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

9. Q UESTION 6 A student designed an experiment to see if plants grow better when watered with a sugar solution. He divided the plants into six groups, measured the initial height of each plant, and calculated the average height for each group. Once a week for two months, he watered the plants in each group using a different sugar solution for each plant group. At the end of two months, he measured the final height of each plant and calculated the average height for each group. The student’s data are shown in the table below. Which of these statements explains why the plants in Groups E and F died? a. The high sugar content caused too much water to move out of the root cells. b. The high sugar content caused too much water to move into the root cells. c. The high sugar content prevented the plant from capturing energy. d. The high sugar content clogged the pores in the cell membranes.

10. B IOENERGETICS PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Function Organelle Starting Reactants Is Energy Used or Released End Products Chemical Equation Autotroph or Heterotroph To make food (glucose)To make energy (ATP) Chloroplast Mitochondria Water, Sunlight, Carbon Dioxide Glucose, Oxygen Using (sunlight)Releasing (ATP) Glucose, OxygenCarbon Dioxide, Water, Energy (ATP) H 2 0 + CO 2 + Light = C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 02 + C6H12O6 = CO2 + H20 + energy (ATP) AutotrophsAutotrophs & Heterotrophs

11. Q UESTION 7 The diagram below shows a colony of prokaryotes and a single-celled eukaryote. The eukaryote contains organelles that resemble the three types of bacteria found in the colony of prokaryotes. More than a billion years ago, bacteria like these may have joined other prokaryotes to form colonies of cells. Researchers think that these once free-living prokaryotes became the organelles of modern-day eukaryotes. 7. One of the organelles in the eukaryote releases energy from sugars. What is this process called? a. respiration b. transpiration c. photosynthesis d. chemosynthesis

12. Q UESTION 8 In deep ocean trenches, bacteria produce organic materials from inorganic compounds through the process of a. respiration b. decomposition c. photosynthesis d. chemosynthesis

13. Q UESTION 9 Which of the following pairs of materials is required for a cell to carry on respiration? a. water and oxygen b. glucose and oxygen c. water and carbon dioxide d. glucose and carbon dioxide

14. Q UESTION 10 A group of students measured the volume of air they exhaled during three different activities: sitting, walking, and running. The volume of exhaled air is directly related to the amount of carbon dioxide produced. The data the students collected are summarized in the graph below. 10. Which of these processes produces carbon dioxide? a. mitosis b. diffusion c. respiration d. photosynthesis

15. Q UESTION 11 Deep sea bacteria live at ocean depths too great for light to reach. These bacteria make their own food. Which of these is the source of energy for the bacteria? a. nucleic acids b. binary fission c. inorganic compounds d. DNA replication

16. Q UESTION 12 Which of these statements about photosynthesis and respiration is true? a. Both processes produce food. b. Both processes release energy from food. c. Photosynthesis produces oxygen; respiration does not. d. Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide; respiration does not.