1. The Zulu and Sokoto Caliphate
Emma Verstraete
AP World History
7th Hour
Discuss the process by which the Zulu and the Sokoto Caliphate were created. How typical were these examples of African state-building in this era?

2. Creation of the Zulu State
Started by a young military genius named ‘Shaka’
As power and population increased surrounding areas became demoralized
To protect themselves from the Zulu outlying regions occasionally created small states
Shaka created a new national identity by dividing people into age ‘regiments’
Regiment members lived and worked together to learn new customs and lore of Zulu society.

3. Creation of the Sokoto Caliphate
Occurred under the Hausa states
Demanded religious reform, tolerating older religions no longer accepted
The main point of a jihad– or holy war
Muslims unhappy with their social or political position were large factors, they formed armies and forcibly took over the surrounding areas in the name of preserving Islam

4. African State Building
Typically happened due to war fare
Another way it happened was due to an attempt to protect from war nations, such as the Zulu
Old traditions blended together to create new cultures as territories were conquered