1. Update on biogenic and soil emissions modeling for DYNAMO Daniel Cohan, Rui Zhang, Quazi Rasool, and Arastoo Pour Biazar AQAST 9 meeting, St. Louis University June 3, 2015

2. Improved Soil NO Emissions Scheme Berkeley Dalhousie Soil NO Parameterization (BDSNP) – Introduced by Hudman et al. 2012; In GEOS-Chem – Replaces Yienger and Levy scheme More sophisticated emission response to meteorology – Nonlinear response to soil moisture & T from land surface model – Pulse of emissions when rain follows dry period Implemented in CMAQ inline biogenics – Provided to EPA (Jesse Bash) for CMAQ development – Shared with UMD, U Iowa, others Base-level emissions factors for each land cover category based on Steinkamp and Lawrence 2011 – Updated to use CMAQ’s land cover data (Pleim Xiu) – Updated to use factors based on global or N. American data Fertilizer and N deposition add N to soil reservoir – Updated to use EPIC or Potter based fertilizer

3. Soil NO Flux = A’(Biome, Soil Nitrogen) x f(T) x g(θ) x Pulse(Dry Period) x Canopy Reduction BDSNP Soil NO scheme implemented in CMAQ v. 5.0.2 Biome Emission Factors Steinkamp and Lawrence (2011) factors applied to: Old: GEOS-Chem LSM New: Pleim Xiu LSM from CMAQ; option of N. American factors Deposition Inline deposition from CMAQ Fertilizer Old: Potter (2010) for typical year 2000-2010 New: EPIC simulation for specific year Soil N = Biome N + Deposition N + Fertilizer N Meteorology (WRF) and Land Surface Model (Pleim Xiu) Soil Temperature (T) and Soil Moisture (θ) Pulse Emission Factor Canopy Reduction Factor Soil NO Emission Rate

4. Soil NO emissions in CMAQ CONUS 2005: YL vs. original BDSNP implementation CMAQ Yienger & Levy CMAQ BDSNP (Potter, GEOS- Chem land cover, global factors) Month

5. 2011 National Land Cover Database GEOS-Chem Biome Types (0.25° x 0.25°) CMAQ MODIS NLCD40 biome types (12 km) Land Cover Comparison

6. Original (GEOS-Chem Biomes) New (CMAQ NLCD Biomes) Base Biome Emission Factors under different land cover and data Using global emission factors from Steinkamp and Lawrence Using North American emission factors from Steinkamp and Lawrence

7. Fertilizer N (NO3+ NH4 + Org N) pool input into BDSNP Incorporating EPIC and FEST-C into CMAQ-BDSNP: Enables Dynamic Fertilizer & Control Scenarios

8. Fertilizer Emission Factor Potter EPIC Overall Soil NO Emissions Impact of EPIC vs. Potter Fertilizer Data

9. Soil NO July 2011 emissions comparisons BDSNP (Potter) – YL BDSNP (EPIC) – BDSNP (Potter)

10. Impact of soil NO on 8h O 3 (July 2011 avg.) BDSNP (Potter) vs. YL BDSNP (EPIC) vs. BDSNP (Potter)

11. Fractional impact on NO 2 columns, July 2011 BDSNP (Potter) vs. YL BDSNP (EPIC) vs. BDSNP (Potter)

12. UAH Satellite-derived insolation and PAR 12 WRF Model Calculated PAR Satellite PAR

13. UAH GOES-based retrieval reduces overprediction of PAR, but some bias remains in eastern U.S. WRF NMB = 22% NME = 34% Satellite NMB = 14% NME = 27% Spatial Distribution of NMB (normalized mean bias) Against Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) 13 WRF Satellite

14. WRF v3.6 CMAQ v5.0.2 GOES Satellite insolation & PAR Retrieval Products (UAH) measurements OzoneBVOC Spatial Allocator Incorporation of GOES-based insolation and PAR into CMAQ with inline BEIS

15. BEIS Isoprene Emissions using WRF or satellite-based PAR WRF PARUAH GOES-based PAR

16. Next Steps Evaluate CMAQ-BDSNP cases against OMI NO 2 and ground-level ozone observations – Multi-month simulations in CMAQ CONUS 2011 Continued refinements and users guide for CMAQ-BDSNP to allow broader use Compare sensitivities of BEIS and MEGAN to satellite-based PAR Test joint impacts of satellite-based PAR and photolysis rates UAH web-based archive of satellite-based PAR and insolation products