1. System Analysis and Design
- Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul
Hi students how are you doing today
This is the fifth sequence from the analysis chapter
And today we will have an overview of the analysis phase

2. System Analysis and Design System Analysis
Learning Objectives
Describe systems analysis phase activities and the end product of the systems analysis phase
Describe the Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Describe Functional Decomposition Diagram ( FDD )
Explain why analysts using models
Describe CASE tools, objectives, and types
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

3. System Analysis and Design System Analysis
Learning Objectives
List and describe system requirements, including outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls
Explain the importance of scalability
Define total cost of ownership (TCO) and explain the concept
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

4. System Analysis and Design System Analysis
Introduction
The overall objective of the systems analysis phase is to understand the proposed system, ensure that it will support business requirement, and build solid foundation of system development.
Systems Analysis Activities
The systems analysis phase includes three main activates
Requirements modeling
Data and process modeling
Development Strategies
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

5. Systems Analysis Phase Overview
requirements Modeling
Requirements modeling involves
Fact finding
Describing the current system and identification of the requirements for the new system which includes
Outputs: electronic or printed information produced by the system
Inputs: data that enters the system
Processes: the logical rules that are applied to transform the data into information
Performance: the system characteristics, speed, volume, capacity, availability, and reliability
Security: hardware, software, and procedural controls that protect the system and data from internal or external threats
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

6. Systems Analysis Phase Overview
Data and process modeling
Represent graphically system data and process using various techniques.
Development Strategies
Evaluation of alternative solutions
Preparation of the system requirements document
System requirements document is an overall design for the new system
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

7. Systems Analysis Phase Overview
Modeling tools and techniques
Modeling involves graphical methods and non-technical language that represent the system at various stages of development
There are various tools to describe business processes, requirements, and user interaction with the system
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

8. Modeling Tools and Techniques
Analysts using models to:
Concentrate on important features of the system, pay less attention to less important ones;
Able to respond to changes or changes in user’s requirements with low cost and risk;
Properly understand users’ environment and write documents in the same way that designers and programmers construct the system.
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

9. Modeling Tools and Techniques
CASE Tools ( computer-aided software engineering )
CASE tools have been developed for internal use and for sale by several firms, including Oracle ( Designer), IBM ( Rational Rose )
Automated software tool used by systems analysts to develop information systems
Used to support or automate activities throughout the systems development life cycle (SDLC)
CASE tools include diagramming tools for data flow diagrams and other graphical aids, screen and report design tools, and other special-purpose tools
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

10. Modeling Tools and Techniques
Objectives of CASE
Improve quality of systems developed
Increase speed of development and design
Ease and improve testing process through automated checking
Improve integration of development activities via common methodologies
Improve quality and completeness of documentation
Help standardize the development process
Improve project management
Simply program maintenance
Promote reusability
Improve software portability
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

11. Modeling Tools and Techniques
Functional Decomposition Diagram ( FDD )
A top-down representation of a function or process
A function diagram only shows what to do not how to do.
FDD is a process of division, from a higher function to appropriate smaller functions.
FDD need to be presented clearly, simply, exactly, and fully .
FDD can be used at several stages of systems development
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

12. Modeling Tools and Techniques
Four-level functional decomposition diagram (FDD) of a library system.
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

13. Modeling Tools and Techniques
Unified Modeling Language ( UML )
UML is a method of visualizing and documenting software systems design
UML uses object-oriented design concepts
UML is independent of any specific programming language
UML used to describe business processes and requirements generally
UML provides various graphical tools
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

14. System Requirements Checklist
System developers must identify and describe all system requirements
System Requirements are a characteristics or features that must be included in an information system to satisfy business requirements and be acceptable to users
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

15. System Requirements Checklist
Five categories of system requirements
Outputs
Inputs
Processes
Performance
Controls
In the next slides some examples of system requirements
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

16. System Requirements Checklist
Outputs
The Web site must report online volume statistics every four hours, and hourly during peak periods
Inputs
The department head must enter overtime hours on a separate screen
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

17. System Requirements Checklist
Processes
The student records system must calculate the GPA at the end of each semester
Performance
Response time must not exceed four seconds
Controls
An employee record must be added, changed, or deleted only by a member of the human resources department
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

18. Future Growth, Costs, and Benefits
In addition to the system requirements, system analyst must consider
Scalability
Total Cost of Ownership
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

19. Future Growth, Costs, and Benefits
Scalability
System’s ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future
A scalable system offers a better return on the initial investment
To evaluate, you need information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

20. Future Growth, Costs, and Benefits
Total cost of ownership (TCO)
A number that is used in assessing costs, which includes ongoing support and maintenance costs, as well as acquisition costs.
TCO especially important if the development team is evaluating several alternatives
One problem is that cost estimates tend to understate indirect costs
Systems analysts should try to identify indirect costs and include them in TCO estimates
The end
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

21. System Analysis and Design System Analysis
Sequence Summary
The systems analysis phase includes three activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, and consideration of development strategies
The main objective is to understand the proposed project and build a solid foundation for the systems design phase
You identify the business-related requirements for the new information system, including outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls
You consider scalability to ensure that the system can support future growth and expansion
You also estimate total cost of ownership (TCO) to identify all costs, including indirect costs
UML is a method of visualizing and documenting software systems design
CASE tools are automated software tool used by systems analysts to develop information systems
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

22. System Analysis and Design System Analysis
Sequence Summary
In this Sequence we have
Described the systems analysis phase including three activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, and consideration of development strategies
Explained the main analysis objective that is to understand the proposed project and build a solid foundation for the systems design phase
identified the business-related requirements for the new information system, including outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls
Identified the fact-finding process includes interviewing, document review, observation, questionnaires, sampling, and research
Described the Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Described Functional Decomposition Diagram ( FDD )
Explained why analysts using models
Describe CASE tools, objectives, and types
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis

23. System Analysis and Design System Analysis
Reference
[1] System Analysis and Design, Sixth Edition
Authors: Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman and Harry J. Rosenblatt
Publisher: SHELLY CASHMAN SEWIES.
[2] Modern Systems Analysis and Design Third Edition
Authors: Jeffrey A. Hoffer , Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich
Publisher: prentice hall
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System Analysis and Design System Analysis