1. REPRIEVE 15/15 100% A 14/15 93.3% A 13/15 86.7% B 12/15 80.0% B 11/15 73.3% C 10/15 66.7% D 9/15 60.0% D 8/15 53.3% F 7/15 46.7% F 6/15 40.0% F 5/15 33.3% F 4/15 26.7% F 3/15 20.0% F 2/15 13.3% F 1/15 06.7% F THE BAD NEWS Some of you did the wrong questions. Some of you lost easy points for not answering in complete sentences. Some of you did not turn in the assignment altogether. THE GOOD NEWS You have another shot. If you correct your wrong answers and/or if you re- write the answers in complete sentences, I will add those points back to your assignment. If you did not turn it in altogether, I will give you half-credit for turning it in at the next class. Reprieve: \ri-`prēv\ 1 : a formal temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence especially of death 2 : a temporary respite (as from pain or trouble)

2. THE RULES Your current grades are recorded in the gradebook. If you are satisfied with your current grade, then you don’t have to do anything. If you choose to make corrections, then write them on a new sheet of paper. You only need to re-write the questions you missed. Staple your new answers on top of your old answers and turn them in together. This is due at the beginning of the next class. Page 214  Main Ideas: 1-3, 5-10  Critical Thinking: 2-5

4. Chapter 10: A Blending of Cultures Section 2: Central America and the Caribbean

5. Chapter 10, Section 2 Lecture – History of Central America Nations of the World: Central America Lecture – History & culture of Caribbean – Economics Tourism Project Music of the Caribbean Post-test Closure

6. Objectives By the end of class today, you should be able to do the following: 1.Describe the history of Central America & the Caribbean. 2.Identify the cultural blends in the region. 3.Describe the economic conditions in the region 4.Discuss the elements of Caribbean music.

7. Central America & the Caribbean

8. Region has been subject to outside interference – Colonization – Panama Canal – Banana Republics

9. Lecture topic 1: History of Central America

10. Central American countries

11. Central America Central America is a “cultural hearth” A place from which important ideas spread

12. Mayans The Mayans ruled southern Mexico and Central America Culture rose to prominence around the year 250 By the 800’s, the Mayans abandoned their cities

13. Mayans Mayan culture was highly developed Only written language in Americas before Columbus arrived Complex cities, government, math and calendarcalendar

14. Tikal Pyramids

17. Central America Pre-Columbian: – Ruled by Aztecs and some smaller tribes Spanish arrive and conquer the Aztecs, winning control over all of Central America

18. The Spanish in Central America Spanish governed the region from Mexico Central America wins independence, then breaks apart into current countries

19. 1822: Empire of Mexico

20. Nations of the World: Central America Watch the video, answering the questions as you go Answers will be due at the end of the movie

21. Lecture topic 2: Caribbean history & culture

22. Caribbean Islands Many European countries claimed Caribbean islands Europeans brought African slaves Resultantly, Caribbean has native, European and African influences

23. Colonial Mosaic Europeans claiming Caribbean islands: – Spanish – French – British – Dutch – Danish Mostly there for the sugar trade

24. Caribbean Independence Individual colonies declared independence at different times Began with a slave revolt in Haiti in the 1790’s Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago got independence from Great Britain in 1962

25. Colonialism & Independence

26. Culture of the Caribbean Residents of the islands are descended from: – Europeans – Africans – Native Islanders – mixed ancestry

27. Culture of the Caribbean

28. African influences are dominant in Caribbean – Music – Village Life – Markets – Choice of crops

29. Religions of the Caribbean Caribbean religions are the most diverse in Latin America – Catholic – Protestant – Santeria – Voodoo – Rastafarianism

30. Lecture topic 3: Economics of Central America & the Caribbean

31. Economics Generally poor region Contributing factors: – Legacy of colonialism – Unstable agriculture market – Exportation of resources

32. Population density Central America & Caribbean have between 30-40 million people each – Central America is mostly rural – Caribbean is mostly urban

33. Caribbean farming & trade Sugar cane is the largest export crop Other crops: – Bananas – Citrus fruits – Coffee – Spices

34. Cent. America farming & trade Main source of income is farming – 10% of world’s coffee – 10% of world’s bananas Trade from the Panama Canal

35. Fair Trade

36. Panama Canal

39. Tourism & the Informal Economy High unemployment in the region Tourism is a growing industry People also find jobs in the “informal economy”

40. Topic 4: Music of the Caribbean

41. Music of the Caribbean Jazz: big bands, nearly lost after rise of Communism Reggae: deals with social problems and religion Calypso: steel drums and guitars, improvised lyrics

42. Afro-Cuban Jazz Cuba in the 1920’s- 1950’s was a social hotspot Cuban Jazz nearly disappeared after the Cuban Revolution African rhythms, cool melodies & breezy lyrics Buena Vista Social Club http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JEdf7XsV5g

43. Reggae Music developed in Jamaica in the 1960’s Combination of ska, rock’n’roll, R&B and jazz Bob Marley – Songs were political, religious Get up, Stand up – Founder of Rastafarianism

44. Calypso Style of music with African rhythms and French melody patterns Common instrument is a steel pan drum In colonial times, the music developed political themes Developed into a way of spreading news among an illiterate population http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DUXVAg7oW g GMA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DUXVAg7oW g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eN4_WKeFXc UTS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eN4_WKeFXc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jpg-KIKD5gU BBS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jpg-KIKD5gU

45. Post-test A. Panama Canal B. cultural health C. calypso D. United Provinces of Central America E. reggae 1.Music that combines elements from Africa, Spain, and the United States 2.A region that declared it independence from Mexico in 1823 3.Jamaican music that deals with social problems and religion 4.Place of origin of a major culture 5.Connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

46. Closure Briefly describe the history of Central America Briefly describe the history of the Caribbean What are the cultural blends in the region? What are the economic conditions of the Caribbean and Central America? What is Caribbean music like? NEXT TIME: Spanish Speaking South America NEXT TIME: Please read Chapter 10, Section 3