1. Stratified Columnar Epithelium

2. Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous Tissues
Reference: Chapter 5 in your textbook

3. Q?? Specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function in the body are called_____________
A: just cells.. They don’t have a specific name.
B: Brain tissue – anything that is organized must be a brain
C: Tissues – it’s right after cells and right before organs in the levels of organization
D: ARE YOU KIDDING ME!? It’s the first week in the semester.

4. Nervous Connective Answer: C. Epithelial Muscle
Specialized cells that perform a specific function in the body are called tissues.
The study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals is called histology.
The tissues in the human body can be categorized into four major types:
Nervous
Connective
Muscle
Epithelial

5. Connective Tissues Are made up of three components:
Specialized cells (such as: macrophages, adipocytes, fibroblasts)
Ground substance (a non-cellular substance that separates cells)
Protein Fibers (such as: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers)

6. General Characteristics of Connective Tissues
Binds structures
Provides support and protection
Fill spaces
Stores fat
Produce blood cells
Protect against infections
Help repair tissue damage

7. General Functions of Connective Tissues
They divide easily.
Have a large blood supply and are well nourished.
Connected to epithelial cells below the basement membrane.
Some have a fixed number of cells and some are temporary and appear when needed in response to injury or infection.

8. Connective Tissue Relationships…
Loose Connective Tissue (AKA Aerolar)
Dense Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue

9. Connective Tissue Relationships…
Cartilage
Bone
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline
Elastic

10. Connective Tissue Relationships…
Blood
Lymph

11. Fibrous Connective Tissues
Loose, Adipose and Dense

12. Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue
What is Loose Connective tissue?
forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body.
Where would you find it?
Underneath epithelial cells to nourish them.
Fills the spaces between
skin and organs or muscles.

13. Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue
What is it’s function?
Binds organs together
Holds tissue fluids
Protects, insulates and stores fat

14. What is Adipose tissue? Where would you find it? Fat
When cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm and enlarge.
Where would you find it?
Beneath skin, around kidneys or organs, on surface of the heart.
Around the eyeballs and certain joints as well as spaces between muscle.

15. Adipose Tissue What is its function? Cushions joints and some organs
Insulates beneath the skin
Stores energy
When adipose cells become too numerous the crowd the cell and other cells forming fat tissue.

16. Where would you find it? What is Dense Connective tissue?
Closely packed thick collagenous fibers and elastic fibers - Very strong to withstand pulling forces.
Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is poor.
Where would you find it?
Ligaments and tendons
The white part of your eye.
Deep skin layers

17. Dense Connective Tissue
What is it’s function?
Binds body parts together through tendons (muscle to bone) or ligaments (bone to bone)
Protects the eye
How many of you have ever torn a ligament or tendon? How long did it take for you to recover from this injury?
Due to the low blood supply, injuries to dense connective tissue take a long time to heal…

18. STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2
STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Fibrous Connective Tissue activity- Foldable Slides for Microscope Lab activity

19. Supportive Connective Tissue
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage, and bone

20. Supportive Connective Tissue General Characteristics
Four types:
Hayline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Bone
Rigid Connective Tissue
Provides support
Protects
Lack a direct blood supply, get minimal blood by diffusion but not enough- so healing to cartilage is slow.

21. What is Hyaline Cartilage?
Most common cartilage
Where do you find it?
On the ends of bone, joints, the soft part of the nose, and respiratory passage
What is it’s function?
Helps the growth of bones
Helps to articulate the skeleton at the end of bones

22. What is Elastic cartilage?
Similar to hayline cartilage, except that it is much more elastic.
Where is it found?
External ears and parts of the larynx
What is its function?
Very elastic and flexible so that it is able to withstand repeated bending

23. Fibrocartilage What is it? Where do you find it? What is its function?
A very tough tissue
Intermediate between cartilage and dense connective tissue
Where do you find it?
cushions bones in the knees and between vertebrates in the spinal column.
What is its function?
A shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure.

24. Where would you find it? What is Bone Tissue?
Rigid and hard tissue formed by minerals such as Calcium
Two forms: compact and spongy
compact- forms shaft of long bones
spongy – found at the end of bones, appears open and latticed- provides strength
Where would you find it?
The skeletal system throughout your body!

25. Bone What is the function? Internally supports the body structure
Contains and produces red blood cells as well as calcium and phosphorus
Heals more rapidly than cartilage

26. STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2
STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Supportive Connective Tissue activity- Foldable Slides for Microscope Lab activity

27. Fluid Connective Tissues
Blood and Lymph

28. General Characteristics of Fluid Tissue
Usually found in vessels throughout the body
Transport of nutrients and wastes
Maintains homeostasis in some way – redistributing materials/heat or absorbing dissolved solutes for removal

29. Blood Where would you find it? What is Blood Tissue? Red blood cells,
white blood cells and
platelets that are in a
fluid of plasma.
Where would you find it?
Located in blood vessels
Formed in the red marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones

30. Blood What is the function? Transports materials between body cells
Helps maintain stable internal homeostasis.

31. Lymph Tissue
What is it?
Clear, watery. Sometimes yellowish fluid from tissue fluid
Contains white blood cells
Where is it found?
In lymphatic vessels found around cells and blood vessels

32. Lymph Tissue What is its function?
Absorb excess tissue fluid and various dissolves solutes in tissues
Absorb molecules from the small intestine
Transport lymph to particular vessels in the cardiovascular system.

33. STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2
STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Fluid Connective Tissue activity- Foldable Slides for Microscope Lab activity

34. Muscle and Nervous Tissue

35. Q1: Which of the following is not a fibrous connective tissue?
A: hyaline B: areolar C: tendons and ligaments D: adipose
Q2: Name one general characteristic of connective tissue.

36. Muscle Tissues General Characteristics:
They are contractile- the elongated cells can shorten and lengthen.
As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the attached end causing body parts to move.
Three types of muscle tissues:
1. Skeletal Muscle tissue
2. Smooth Muscle tissue
3. Cardiac Muscle tissue

37. Skeletal Muscle What is it? Where is it found?
Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)
Lots of nuclei in each cell
Has striations
Where is it found?
In muscles that
attach bone.

38. Skeletal Muscle
What is its function?
whole body movement

39. Skeletal Muscle

40. What is Smooth Muscle? Where is it?
Short and spindle shaped cells, with single central nucleus, with No striations
Where is it?
The walls of organs (stomach, intestine, bladder, blood vessels)
What is it’s function?
Involuntary actions

41. What is cardiac muscle? Cells are striated and joined end to end.
One nuclei
Cells separated by intercalated disks
Where do you find it?
Only in the heart
What is it’s function?
Involuntarily pumps blood through the heart chambers and into blood vessels.

42. Cardiac Muscle

43. STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.

44. Nervous Tissue

45. Nervous Tissue General characteristics
There is JUST ONE!
Main function is communication between cells and the brain
Can “regenerate” dependent upon the type of injury or disorder present

46. Nervous Tissue What is it? Where is it?
Made up neurons and neuroglia cells
Where is it?
The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

47. Nervous Tissue What is the function?
Transmit nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands.
They communicate with other cells and muscles and tell body functions what to do.

48. STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2
STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Muscle and Nervous Tissue activity- Foldable Slides for Microscope Lab activity

49. Epithelial Tissues
Simple squamous, simple cubodial, simple columnar, pseudostratified columanr, transitional, stratified squamous, stratified cubodial,

50. WarmUP – correct answers get an AP buck!!
Q1: What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Q2: What are the specific characteristics of each of the muscle tissues that distinguish them from each other?
Q3: What are they eight different types of connective tissue? Name one function of each.

51. General Epithelial Tissues
They are found throughout the body: covering organs, forming inner linings of body cavities .
They are anchored to Connective Tissues by the basement membrane.
They lack blood vessels.
IF they do not have blood vessels how do you think they receive nutrients?

52. Answer:
They receive their nutrients from the blood vessels of the connective tissue that they are connected to.

53. General Epithelial Tissues
They divide rapidly.
They are tightly packed together.
They are classified according to their layers of cells.

54. Types of Epithelial Tissue
Simple
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

55. Types of Epithelial Tissue
Pseudostratified
Columnar
Transitional

56. Types of Epithelial Tissue
Stratified
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

57. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layers
Simple: composed of a single layer of cells.
Stratified: those with two or more layers of cells.
Squamous: Flattened cells.
Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells.
Columnar: Elongated cells.

58. Simple Squamous Epithelium
What is Simple Squamous Epithelium?
Thin (One layer), flattened cells
Fit tightly together with flat nuclei
Substances pass through easily by diffusion
Where would you find it?
Lines the lungs
Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and lymph vessels.
What is its function?
Helps gases exchange and other chemicals.

59. Simple Cubodial Epithelium
What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
Single layer of cells
Cubed shaped cells with a central nucleus.
Where would you find it?
Covers the ovaries.
Lines the kidneys and ducts of certain glands such as: salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas and liver.
What is its function?
secretion and absorption of substances

60. Simple Columnar Epithelium
What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?
Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)
Single layer of cells.
Nucleus near the basement membrane
Can have cilia that help in movement
Where would you find it?
Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus).
Lines the organs of the digestive tract
What is its function?
Thick tissue to protect.
Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients from digested food.

61. STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2
STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable Slides for Microscope Lab activity

62. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?
Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)
Appears to have more than one layer but does not.
Nucleus is located at different ends which gives it the layer look.
Have cilia
Where would you find it?
Lines the passage of the respiratory system.
What is its function?
Sticky to trap dust and microorganisms that enter with air.
Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.

63. Transitional Epithelium
What is Transitional Epithelium?
Specialized type of epithelium cells that Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals)
Where would you find it?
The liner of the bladder, ureters and urethra.
What is its function?
can change because of increased tension.
help organs expand

64. STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2
STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable Slides for Microscope Lab activity

65. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?
Several layers of columnar cells.
Where would you find it?
Male reproductive organs
What is its function?
Allows the organ to contract and stretch.

66. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?
2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells.
Where would you find it?
Lines the lumen
Lines the glands: mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.
What is its function?
Protects ducts of glands
May let material in or out of the lumen

67. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?
Lots of layers of the cell.
Flattened as cells divide and push the older ones outward
Where would you find it?
Forms the outer layer of the skin (your epidermis)
Soft tissue part forms in the vagina
What is its function?
produce keratin- a protective material that prevents water and other substances from entering or leaving.
Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.

68. STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2
STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable Slides for Microscope Lab activity

69. STOP: Tissue Practice 1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY. 2
STOP: Tissue Practice 1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY!! 2. Tissue activity walk around. First without notes- see what you remember- second time with notes! 3. Tomorrow- Epithelial tissue microscope lab and practice.

70. Daily warm up 9/24 1. 2. 3. 4.

71. General Epithelial Tissues
How do you think the characteristics we just listed relate to what epithelial tissues do?
They divide rapidly- how does that help the body?
Injuries can heal rapidly
to these tissues, skin and
stomach cells are continually
damaged and replaced
quickly.

72. General Epithelial Tissues
They are tightly
packed- how does
this help the cell?
They form protective barriers in places like the outer skin, and your mouth.