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1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land. A

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1 1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land. A
1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land? A. By adding heat to Earth’s surface B. By adding gases to the atmosphere C. By adding lava to Earth’s surface D. By adding water vapor to the atmosphere

2 1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land. C
1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land? C. By adding lava to Earth’s surface

3 2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier? F The average height of plants on the mountainside G. The shape of clouds that form above the glacier H. The average mass of trees near the lake J. The shape of the valley between the mountains

4 2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier? J. The shape of the valley between the mountains

5 Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above?
A. Island B. Glacier C. River D. Volcano

6 Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above?
B. Glacier

7 4. Which of these best completes this chart? F. Water G. Soil H. Coal
J. Sand Fossil Fuels Alternative Energy Sources Oil Wood Natural Gas Wind ? Sun

8 4. Which of these best completes this chart? H. Coal
Fossil Fuels Alternative Energy Sources Oil Wood Natural Gas Wind ? Sun

9 5. Which of these is a renewable resource. F. Tree G. Coal H. Oil J
5. Which of these is a renewable resource? F. Tree G. Coal H. Oil J. Wind

10 5. Which of these is a renewable resource? F. Tree

11 6. Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?
A. grass B. aluminum C. sunlight D. Oxygen

12 6. Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?
B. aluminum

13 Planets That Can Be Seen Without a Telescope
7. Which planet has a year with a length closest to the length of a year on Earth? A. Mercury B. Venus C. Mars D. Jupiter Planets That Can Be Seen Without a Telescope Planets Moons Average Distance from Sun (km) Length of Year (Earth days) Mercury 58,000,000 87 Venus 108,000,000 224 Earth 1 150,000,000 365 Mars 2 228,000,000 686 Jupiter 16 778,000,000 4,328 Saturn 18 1,427,000,000 10,775

14 Planets That Can Be Seen Without a Telescope
7. Which planet has a year with a length closest to the length of a year on Earth? B. Venus Planets That Can Be Seen Without a Telescope Planets Moons Average Distance from Sun (km) Length of Year (Earth days) Mercury 58,000,000 87 Venus 108,000,000 224 Earth 1 150,000,000 365 Mars 2 228,000,000 686 Jupiter 16 778,000,000 4,328 Saturn 18 1,427,000,000 10,775

15 8. Which two planets are closest to Earth?
A. Mercury and Saturn B. Mars and Jupiter C. Mercury and Venus D. Venus and Mars

16 8. Which two planets are closest to Earth?
D. Venus and Mars

17 9. Which of these best represents Mars?
F. Q G. R H. S J. T

18 9. Which of these best represents Mars?
H. S

19 F. partially hidden from view G. in the shadow of the sun’s corona
10. Sunspots appear to be darker than the rest of the sun’s surface because they are — F. partially hidden from view G. in the shadow of the sun’s corona H. cooler than the rest of the sun’s surface J. made of dark-colored minerals

20 H. cooler than the rest of the sun’s surface
10. Sunspots appear to be darker than the rest of the sun’s surface because they are — H. cooler than the rest of the sun’s surface

21 11. Which of these would best model how the
sun’s energy warms Earth? F. A pot of water boiling G. A heat lamp keeping food hot H. An oven baking bread J. A spoon getting hot when stirring soup

22 11. Which of these would best model how the
sun’s energy warms Earth? G. A heat lamp keeping food hot

23 12. The surface of the sun is made of —
F. gases G. solids H. liquids J. energy

24 12. The surface of the sun is made of —
F. gases

25 F. Mars G. The moon H. Jupiter J. The Sun
13. Which of these is the center of our solar system? F. Mars G. The moon H. Jupiter J. The Sun

26 13. Which of these is the center of our solar system?
J. The Sun

27 A. The stars moving away from Earth
14. A student saw the constellation Scorpius in the southern part of the summer sky. In the winter Scorpius was not visible at all. What causes this constellation to disappear from the winter sky? A. The stars moving away from Earth B. The solar winds covering the night sky C. The revolution of Earth around the sun D. The orbiting of the stars in the galaxy

28 C. The revolution of Earth around the sun
14. A student saw the constellation Scorpius in the southern part of the summer sky. In the winter Scorpius was not visible at all. What causes this constellation to disappear from the winter sky? C. The revolution of Earth around the sun

29 15. About how long does it take Earth to make a
complete rotation on its axis? A. One day B. One week C. One month D. One year

30 15. About how long does it take Earth to make a
complete rotation on its axis? A. One day

31 16. According to this information, what kind of weather is related to low air pressure?
F. Sunny G. Fair H. Rainy J. Mild Day Air Pressure (mm of mercury) Weather 1 767 Fair; mild temperatures 2 3 765 Cloudy; mild temperatures 4 756 Rainy; windy; cool temperatures 5 758 Rainy; cool temperatures 6 764 7 Sunny; mild temperatures

32 16. According to this information, what kind of weather is related to low air pressure?
H. Rainy Day Air Pressure (mm of mercury) Weather 1 767 Fair; mild temperatures 2 3 765 Cloudy; mild temperatures 4 756 Rainy; windy; cool temperatures 5 758 Rainy; cool temperatures 6 764 7 Sunny; mild temperatures

33 17. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice —
A. daily B. weekly C. monthly D. yearly

34 17. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice —
A. daily

35 C. run through the soil too quickly D. become poisonous to the plants
18. Three soil samples were tested to see how much water each could hold. The same amount of water was added to each funnel of soil. Very few plants would probably grow in the clay because the water would — A. fail to reach the roots of the plants B. become too cloudy C. run through the soil too quickly D. become poisonous to the plants

36 18. Three soil samples were tested to see how much water each could hold. The same amount of water was added to each funnel of soil. Very few plants would probably grow in the clay because the water would — A. fail to reach the roots of the plants

37 B. How well each mixture holds water
19. The pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to answer? A. How well each material mixes with garden soil B. How well each mixture holds water C. How well each material supports plants D. How well each mixture keeps its texture when wet

38 The pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation.
Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to answer? B. How well each mixture holds water

39 A. By planting seeds and measuring plant growth in each pot
20. A student wants to find out which type of soil holds the most water. He uses four identical pots with holes in the bottom. He fills each pot with a different type of soil and waters the pots with the same amount of water. How can he find out how much water stays in the soil in each pot? A. By planting seeds and measuring plant growth in each pot B. By measuring the amount of water that drains from each pot C. By observing which soil looks wettest after the water has been added to the pots D. By feeling the soil before and after adding water to each pot

40 B. By measuring the amount of water that drains from each pot
20. A student wants to find out which type of soil holds the most water. He uses four identical pots with holes in the bottom. He fills each pot with a different type of soil and waters the pots with the same amount of water. How can he find out how much water stays in the soil in each pot? B. By measuring the amount of water that drains from each pot

41 21. Similar containers were filled with different types of soil
21. Similar containers were filled with different types of soil. Holes were poked into the bottom of each container, and 300 milliliters of water were added. The water that dripped out was collected and measured. According to the information in the table, which type of soil retained water best? A. Potting soil B. Sandy soil C. Gravel D. Clay Types of Soil Amount of Water Collected (mL) Potting soil 220 Sandy soil 250 Gravel 295 Clay 225

42 21. Similar containers were filled with different types of soil
21. Similar containers were filled with different types of soil. Holes were poked into the bottom of each container, and 300 milliliters of water were added. The water that dripped out was collected and measured. According to the information in the table, which type of soil retained water best? A. Potting soil Types of Soil Amount of Water Collected (mL) Potting soil 220 Sandy soil 250 Gravel 295 Clay 225

43 Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the most water? A B C D.

44 Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the most water? C.

45 23. The energy that causes seawater to form water vapor comes
from — F. the clouds G. underwater mountains H. chemical reactions in the sea J. the sun

46 23. The energy that causes seawater to form water vapor comes
from — J. the sun

47 24. In order for tomato plants to make their own
food, their leaves must absorb — A. rain B. sunlight C. oxygen D. minerals

48 24. In order for tomato plants to make their own
food, their leaves must absorb — B. sunlight

49 25. Which of these supplies the energy that drives the water cycle. F
25. Which of these supplies the energy that drives the water cycle? F. The sun G. The planets H. The oceans J. The moon

50 25. Which of these supplies the energy that drives the water cycle. F
25. Which of these supplies the energy that drives the water cycle? F. The sun

51 26. The picture shows an ocean near a mountain range
26. The picture shows an ocean near a mountain range. When comparing location Q to location T, location T will usually have A. brighter sunlight B. stronger winds C. more snow D. less rain

52 26. The picture shows an ocean near a mountain range
26. The picture shows an ocean near a mountain range. When comparing location Q to location T, location T will usually have D. less rain

53 27. Which of these best shows the relationship between Earth, the moon, and the sun?
A C B D

54 27. Which of these best shows the relationship between Earth, the moon, and the sun?

55 28. Before a field trip to a cave, a science class studied this picture. Which two features of this cave system were most likely formed by the slow buildup of minerals from water drops? F. Pool of water and trench G. Pool of water and stalagmite H. Stalactite and trench J. Stalagmite and stalactite

56 28. Before a field trip to a cave, a science class studied this picture. Which two features of this cave system were most likely formed by the slow buildup of minerals from water drops? J. Stalagmite and stalactite

57 29. Which of the following happens in our solar system?
F. Earth revolves around the sun once per day G. The moon revolves around Earth once per day H. Earth revolves around the sun once per year. J. The moon revolves around Earth once per year.

58 H. Earth revolves around the sun once per year.
29. Which of the following happens in our solar system? H. Earth revolves around the sun once per year.

59 30. Which of these causes day and night on Earth. A
30. Which of these causes day and night on Earth? A. Earth orbiting the sun B. The moon orbiting Earth C. Earth rotating on its axis D. The moon blocking sunlight

60 30. Which of these causes day and night on Earth. C
30. Which of these causes day and night on Earth? C. Earth rotating on its axis

61 A. Making sure trees are planted with every new house built
31. Plants take in carbon dioxide gas and use it to make sugars. Through this process they release oxygen, which animals need. Which of the following activities could decrease the amount of oxygen released into the air? A. Making sure trees are planted with every new house built B. Encouraging cities to plan for more parks C. Paving more land for roads and parking lots D. Better controls for air and water pollution

62 C. Paving more land for roads and parking lots
31. Plants take in carbon dioxide gas and use it to make sugars. Through this process they release oxygen, which animals need. Which of the following activities could decrease the amount of oxygen released into the air? C. Paving more land for roads and parking lots

63 32. Which gas in the air would increase if a large
number of trees were cut down? A. Carbon dioxide B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Water vapor

64 32. Which gas in the air would increase if a large
number of trees were cut down? A. Carbon dioxide

65 33. After lake water flows through a dam, which
processes help replace the water in the lake? A. Rainfall and runoff B. Erosion and weathering C. Refraction and reflection D. Separating and evaporating

66 33. After lake water flows through a dam, which
processes help replace the water in the lake? A. Rainfall and runoff

67 A. They cool the land surface B. They carry acids into the soil
34. Clouds bring rain and snow to Earth’s surface. How do rain and snow most support life on Earth? A. They cool the land surface B. They carry acids into the soil C. They bring freshwater to land organisms D. They build up mountains.

68 C. They bring freshwater to land organisms
34. Clouds bring rain and snow to Earth’s surface. How do rain and snow most support life on Earth? C. They bring freshwater to land organisms

69 35. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion? F H G J

70 35. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion? G.

71 36. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation
36. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation. The three diagrams above show the positions of fossils in different rock layers. According to this information, which fossil is the youngest? F G H J

72 36. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation
36. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation. The three diagrams above show the positions of fossils in different rock layers. According to this information, which fossil is the youngest? J.

73 37. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time? A. Heat and pressure B. Soil deposition C. Rain and wind D. River formation

74 37. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time? C. Rain and wind

75 38. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to — A. carbon filtered through limestone B. organisms buried in the ground C. bacteria on top of the mud D. nitrogen mixed in the water

76 38. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to — B. organisms buried in the ground

77 39. Most canyons are the result of erosion caused by —
A. a river B. a volcano C. a hurricane D. an earthquake

78 39. Most canyons are the result of erosion caused by —
A. a river

79 F. decay of trees G. weathering of rocks H. erosion of hills
40. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT — F. decay of trees G. weathering of rocks H. erosion of hills J. movement of oceans

80 40. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it
has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT — J. movement of oceans

81 41. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time? F. Wind and rain G. The sun’s rays H. Light and darkness J. Earth’s magnetic field

82 41. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time? F. Wind and rain

83 A. Its mass B. Its shape C. Its length D. Its weight
42. A rock is taken from the surface of the moon and brought to Earth. What is different about this rock on Earth? A. Its mass B. Its shape C. Its length D. Its weight

84 42. A rock is taken from the surface of the moon and brought to
Earth. What is different about this rock on Earth? D. Its weight

85 43. Which of the following can be found on both Earth and the moon?
F. Hills G. Thick atmosphere H. Thunderstorms J. Oceans

86 43. Which of the following can be found on both Earth and the moon?
F. Hills


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