1. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Chapter 9
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

2. Objectives SPI 0807.9.1 Recognize that all matter is made up of atoms
SPI Classify common substances as elements or compounds based on their symbols or formulas.
I can:
Define all new vocabulary terms: element, pure substance, metal, nonmetal, metalloid.
Describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples.
Classify elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
Distinguish between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

3. Elements
I can describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples.
A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances.
Pure substance – only has one type of particle (atoms).
Every atom in a piece of gold is the same, no matter where it is found.
Every atom of iron is the same
spoon, steel rod, meteorite
Elements are found on the periodic table
111 elements known

4. I can describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples.

5. Properties of Elements
I can describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples.
Characteristic properties – do not depend on the amt. of the element present.
Boiling point, melting pt., density, reactivity with acid, color, hardness, flammability
Can be used to identify elements
Identified by their physical and chemical properties
Categorized by similar properties
Metals, nonmetals, or metalloids

6. Classifying Elements Metals
I can classify elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
Metals
Shiny, conduct heat and electricity, malleable, ductile
All are solid except mercury
Examples: copper (Cu), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), gold (Au), mercury (Hg)

7. Classifying Elements 2. Nonmetals Opposite of metals
I can classify elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
2. Nonmetals
Opposite of metals
dull, poor conductors heat and electricity, brittle, not malleable, not ductile
Can be solid, liquid, or gas
Examples: sulfur (S), iodine (I), neon (Ne), chlorine (Cl), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H)

8. Classifying elements 3. Metalloids
I can classify elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
3. Metalloids
Properties of both metals and nonmetals
Semi-conductors
Some shiny, some dull, somewhat malleable and ductile, some conduct heat and electricity
Solids
Examples: boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te)

9. I can distinguish between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

10. Objectives SPI 0807.9.1 Recognize that all matter is made up of atoms
SPI Classify common substances as elements or compounds based on their symbols or formulas.
SPI Differentiate between a mixture and a compound.
SPI Compare the particle arrangement and type of particle motion associated with different states of matter.
I can:
Identify examples of common compounds by their chemical formula.
Explain how elements make up compounds.
Explain how compounds can be broken down.
Compare elements and compounds.

11. Compounds
I can identify examples of common compounds by their chemical formulas.
Pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
Elements are rarely found alone in nature, so they combine with other elements.
Compounds form a particle called a molecule (two or more atoms joined together).
Found in a set ratio of elements
Examples of common compounds:
Table Salt
Sugar
Water
Hydrogen Peroxide
Vinegar
Carbon Dioxide
Baking Soda

12. Common Compounds Compound Elements Combined Chemical Formula
I can identify examples of common compounds by their chemical formulas.
Compound
Elements Combined
Chemical Formula
Table salt
Sodium(Na) and chlorine(Cl)
NaCl
Water
Hydrogen(H) and oxygen(O)
H2O
Hydrogen Peroxide
H2O2
Sugar
Hydrogen(H), carbon(C), oxygen(O)
C12H22O11
Vinegar
Hydrogen(H), carbon(C), and oxygen(O)
C2H4O2
Carbon dioxide
Carbon(C) and oxygen(O)
CO2
Baking Soda
Sodium(Na), hydrogen(H), carbon(C), and oxygen(O)
NaHCO3

13. sugar

14. Properties of Compounds
I can explain how elements make up compounds.
Identified by physical and chemical properties
Compounds have different properties than the elements that form them.
Forming Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Sodium is a soft, silver white metal that reacts violently in water
Chlorine is a poisonous, greenish yellow gas
Sodium Chloride is a white solid. It dissolves easily in water and is safe to eat.

15. Sodium reacting with water

16. Breaking down compounds
I can explain how compounds can be broken down.
Broken down by chemical changes
Energy is needed to break down compounds
Add heat or add electric current
Broken down into elements
Water (H2O) → hydrogen(H) and oxygen(O).
Table Salt (NaCl) → sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) → carbon (C) and oxygen(O)
Broken down in simpler compounds and then into its elements
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)→carbon dioxide (CO2) + water (H2O)→carbon (C) + oxygen (O) + hydrogen (H)

17. Objectives SPI 0807.9.1 Recognize that all matter is made up of atoms
SPI Differentiate between a mixture and a compound.
I can:
Define all new vocabulary terms: solution, solute, solvent, concentration, solubility, suspension, colloid.
Describe three properties of mixtures.
Distinguish between a mixture and a compound.
Analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent.
Distinguish between a solution, a suspension, and a colloid.

18. Mixtures
I can describe three properties of mixtures.
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
When mixed, the substances do not react
No chemical change happens
Each substance in the mixture keeps its identity
Do not have a set ratio of components
Separated through physical methods
Distillation – separates based on boiling points
Magnet - separates iron from other elements
Centrifuge – separates by densities
Filtration – separates by particle size

19. Mixtures vs. compounds Mixtures Compounds
I can distinguish between a mixture and a compound.
Mixtures
Compounds
Made of elements, compounds, or both
Made of elements
No change in original properties of components
Change in original properties of components
Separated by physical means
Separated by chemical means
Formed using any ratio of components
Formed using a set ratio of components

20. Solutions A mixture that appears to be a single substance
I can distinguish between a solution, a suspension, and a colloid.
A mixture that appears to be a single substance
One substance is dissolved in another substance
Solute – substance that is dissolved
Solvent – substance in which the solute is dissolved
Soluble – able to dissolve
Insoluble – unable to dissolve
Examples of solutions:
Salt water
Sugar water
Gasoline
Soft drinks
Air
Brass
steel

21. Solutions States Examples Components Gas in gas Dry air
I can distinguish between a solution, a suspension, and a colloid.
States
Examples
Components
Gas in gas
Dry air
Oxygen in nitrogen
Gas in liquid
Soft drinks
Carbon dioxide in water
Liquid in liquid
Antifreeze
Alcohol in water
Solid in liquid
Salt water
NaCl in water
Solid in solid
Brass
Zinc in copper

22. Concentration of solutions
I can analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent.
Concentration – measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
Expressed in g/mL
Concentration = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝐿 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
Concentrated solutions contain more solute per solvent
Dissolving solids in liquids faster
Mixing or stirring
Heating
Crushing

23. suspensions
I can distinguish between a solution, a suspension, and a colloid.
Mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but large enough to settle out
Can be separated by filtration
Examples:
Snow globe
Italian dressing
Paints
Medicines
Orange juice

24. Colloids
I can distinguish between a solution, a suspension, and a colloid.
Mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out
Have properties of both solutions and suspensions
Cannot be separated by filtration
Examples:
Milk
Mayonnaise
Deodorant
Gelatin
Whipped cream
butter