1. Which strand is complementary to a DNA segment with bases GACTGCTTA? A. AGTCATCCG B. GACTGCTTA C. ATTCGTCAG D. CTGACGAAT

2. Why is it important for the weak hydrogen bonds to hold the nitrogen bases of complimentary DNA strands together? A. so that bonds break for translation to occur B. so that bonds break for DNA replication to occur C. so that DNA can twist to form the double helix shape D. so that DNA can be strengthened by another bond during DNA replication

3. What aspect of DNA replication allows it to be considered a semi-conservative process? A. DNA replication occurs at an extremely slow rate. B. DNA replication only duplicates nucleotides in pairs. C. Each replicated strand of DNA is an old strand paired with a new strand. D. Each replicated strand of DNA is an identical match with no variations.

4. What is the relationship between genes and proteins? A. Genes are made of proteins. B. Proteins are made of genes. C. Genes code for the making of proteins. D. Proteins code for the making of genes.

5. Which best describes the correct sequence of events that lead to the synthesis of a protein? A. DNA is duplicated, tRNA leaves B. RNA is copied, DNA leaves nucleus, protein is made C. DNA is copied into two strands, mRNA leaves nucleus D. DNA is copied in mRNA, leaves nucleus, lands on a ribosome to begin translation

6. A segment of mRNA has the base sequence UGUCAAACUCGA. What is the base sequence of the original DNA segment? A. ACAGUUUGAGCU B. TCTGUUUGAGCU C. ACAGTTTGAGCT D. GAGTCCCTGTAC

7. How does DNA help to form proteins? A. It creates proteins using nucleotides. B. It forms the bonds between amino acids. C. It creates reactants for proteins to be made. D. It gives instructions on the amino acid sequence.

8. Cells located in the skin of a frog have certain functions that are very different from the cells located in the liver of the frog. Which best explains these differences? A. The genetic material found in the skin cells and the liver cells are different. B. The genetic material function differently in the skin cells and the liver cells. C. Environmental factors can affect the liver cells, while the skin cells are unaffected. D. Skin cells develop through mitosis, while liver cells develop through meiosis.

9. All normal body cells have the same genetic structure. However, not all body cells have the same function. What best explains this difference in function? A. Some DNA mutates as the cells are developing. B. Some DNA functions in males, while other DNA functions only in females. C. Some DNA is active in certain cells, while other DNA is active in other cells. D. Some DNA recombines to form different proteins than the DNA found in the original cells.

10. Which explains metastasis? A. the expression of the ras gene B. the synthesis of protein in the cell C. the mutation of cells on the oncogene D. the spread of malignant cells beyond the original site