1. BILL What are some characteristics that all living things have?
All living things are made of cells, grow, reproduce, respond to environments, require nutrition, maintain homeostasis, perform metabolic reactions

2. The Cell Theory
Mr. Van Roekel

3. Assessment Statements 2.1
2.1.1 Outline the cell theory:
2.1.2 Discuss Evidence for the cell theory
2.1.3 State that Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life.
2.1.4 Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thickness, viruses, bacteria, organelles, and cells using appropriate units
2.1.5 Calculate linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in known magnifications
2.1.6 Explain the importance of surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size
2.1.7 State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties
2.1.8 Explain that cells in multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions by expressing some of their genes but not others
2.1.9 State that Stem cells retain the capacity to divide and have the ability to differentiate along different pathways
Outline one Therapeutic uses of stem cells

4. The Cell Theory Theory made up of three main points
All living things are made of one or more cells
To date, no living entity has been found that has not been made of cells
Two Types of organisms
Multicellular Organisms – made up of many cells and have specialized cells to carry out specific functions
Unicellular Organisms – single-celled organisms and can carry out al functions of life independently

5. The Cell Theory Cells are the smallest unit of life
Cells carry out functions of life on their own or by various functions of organelles
Parts of the cell cannot survive on their own.

6. The Cell Theory All Cells come from pre-existing cells
All cells descend from common ancestor
Cells multiply by division
Mitosis & Meiosis performed by multicellular organisms to produce daughter cells
Binary Fission and budding performed by bacteria cells

7. 2.1.1 Outline the cell theory

8. Evidence for the Cell Theory
All Living Things are made of cells
Robert Hooke- first observed cork cells using homemade microscope. Coined the term “cells”
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek- first to
observe living cells, described them as ‘animalcules’

9. Evidence for the Cell Theory
All cells come from preexisting cells
Louis Pasteur- Disproved theory of spontaneous generation. Two containers, one open to environment, one closed. Growth only occurred in container open to environment.

10. Evidence for the Cell Theory
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Robert Remak- discovered/observed cell division while studying chick embryos.

11. Evidence for The Cell Theory
Cells are the smallest unit of life
Many cells carry out the functions of life (nutrition, growth, reproduction, etc…)
Unicellular organisms do these on own
Multicellular organisms have specialized cells to carry out all functions of life

12. BILL
Discuss at least three scientists and how they contributed to the cell theory. Discuss four exceptions to the cell theory.
Robert Hooke – First to discover cells by looking at cork
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek- first to observe living cells, described them as ‘animalcules’
Robert Remak- discovered/observed cell division while studying chick embryos.
Louis Pasteur- Disproved theory of spontaneous generation.

13. Exceptions to Cell Theory?
Fungal Hyphae- extremely large and multi- nucleated. Have a continuous cytoplasm (acellular)
Muscle Cells – very long and multinucleated

14. Exceptions to Cell Theory?
Unicellular Organisms (Amoeba)
Atypical cells (not like normal cells) – larger than most single celled organisms but still carries out functions of life
Can one cell be “made of many cells”
Viruses
Can only reproduce using a host cell, do not perform all functions of life. Is it living?

16. All living organisms carry out the functions of life
Respiration/Metabolism – all chemical reactions in an organism
Nutrition – providing a source energy to organisms
Response to environment – based on internal or external stimulation and is essential to survival
Growth and Development – may be limited but is evident in one way or another
Homeostasis – maintaining a constant internal environment
Reproduction – passing genetic material to offspring

17. All living organisms carry out the functions of life
Unicellular organisms perform these functions on their own
Multicellular organisms have specialized cells to carry out these functions, but as a whole, perform all functions of life

18. Cells are made up of different parts of different sizes.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Bacteria
Mitochondria
100 µm µm
3-6 µm
1-5 µm
3 µm
Virus
Ribosome
Membrane Thickness
Molecules
100 nm
20 nm
10 nm
1 nm

19. 2.1.4 Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thckness, viruses, bacteria, organelles, and cells using the appropriate SI unit.

20. μm = micrometers Some units that I use & know To Convert ÷ 1,000
abbr.
Metric equivalent
kilometer km
1,000m
1 x 103m
meter m 1m
centimeter cm
0.01m
1 x 10-2m
millimeter mm
0.001m
1 x 10-3m
micrometer μm m
1 x 10-6m
nanometer nm m
1 x 10-9m
÷ 1,000
X 1,000
X 1,000
X 1,000
μm = micrometers
We usually use this in discussion of cells. There are 1,000μm in one mm.
write this correctly

22. 2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification

23. 2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification

24. 2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification

25. 2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification

26. 2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification

28. 2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification