1. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Asela Galappattige Sri Lanka Chapter A quick overview

2. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Sri Lanka’s Internet is no different to the Internet anywhere in the world. Following is a brief discussion of the characteristics of Sri Lankan Internet infrastructure.  End Users  Access  Transport  Interconnect  Control  Services  Policy & Regulation

3. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works SL internet is 20 years old Started in 1995 with Dialup Access Among the lowest costs broadband markets in the world Current penetration ~22%* Growth Rate 22% (CAGR 3yrs)* * source: www.internetsociety.org/internet/ Internet & Email - TRC SL data Asia Average 34.8% World Average 42.3%

4. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works

5. Access Media:Technology: Wired-Copper (Telephone) cables - Dialup, TDM, ADSL/ADSL2+/VDSL/SHDSL Fiber - Ethernet, FTTH (PON) Wireless - CDMA GPRS, EDGE WiMax 3G – HSDPA/HSPA/HSPA+ 4G – LTE WiFi Point-to-Point (business lines) VSAT Access

6. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Access Service Providers Sri Lanka Telecom- Copper, CDMA, WiMax, Fiber, 4G LTE, WiFi Dialog - GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, 3G, WiMax, 4G LTE, Fiber, WiFi Mobitel- GPRS, EDGE, 3G, 4G LTE, WiFi Etisalat- GPRS, EDGE, 3G, 4G LTE Airtel- GPRS, EDGE, 3G, 4G LTE Hutch- GPRS, EDGE, 3G Lanka Bell- CDMA, WiMax, 4G LTE LankaCom- Business Lines, Wireless, Leased Access

7. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works  Major Telcos have Fiber Optic & Microwave infrastructure spread over the whole island.  Some Service Providers lease there capacity to others  National Backbone Network (NBN) with OTN 100G DWDM technology is operated by SLT for the use of all Service Providers. Transport - National Connectivity

8. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Submarine Cable Systems Connecting Sri Lanka Currently, the primary and almost only International connectivity is via Optical Submarine cable systems. Cable SystemReach~Total length Landing Station Year of Commission SEA-ME-WE-3SEA-ME-WE39,000 kmSLT2000 SEA-ME-WE-4SEA-ME-WE20,000 km SLT2005 FLAGJapan-India-SL-UK-USA28,000 kmLankaBell1997+ SEA-ME-WE-5SEA-ME-WE20,000 kmSLT2016 BBGSingapore-Oman/UAE8,000 kmDialog2016 Bharath-LankaTuticorin-Colombo320 kmSLT2006 Dhiraagu-SLTMale-Colombo850 kmSLT2007 Transport - International Connectivity

9. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works International Cable Systems:

10. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works International Cable Systems:

11. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Yr 2016 20,000 km 24 Tbps International Cable Systems:

12. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works International Cable Systems: Yr 1997+ 28000 km

13. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works International Cable Systems: Yr 2016 8000 km

14. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Regional Cable Systems: Bharath-Lanka (SLT) Dhiraagu-SLT

15. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Cable Redundancy: East-West and India Connectivity via Submarine Cables are used to improve Network Resiliency Transport - International Connectivity

16. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Internet Peering: 1.Peering with Global Carrier ISPs & Content a)All major ISPs connect with GLOBAL ISPs and also REGIONAL ISPs via submarine cable circuits i.Peering via dedicated links ii.Peering at Global IXs b)Peer with Content Networks & Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) i.Locally hosted at ISPs ii.Hosted at Global IXs 2.IP Transit from Local Carrier ISPs Purchase IP Transit service from Local Large ISPs Ex: Google, Akamai, Limelight… Interconnect

17. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Local Internet traffic exchange Private Peering - Private peering links between ISPs Some ISPs have private links between them IX Peering- Two exchange points - No settlement fees Interconnect

18. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works NAT - Most Consumer IPv4 traffic is NATed at ISPs DNS - All Infrastructure ISPs provide DNS Resolvers & DNS Caches for their customers DNS-Root Servers - Only i-Root server is available* in SL Control

19. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works IP Carriers GLOBAL INTERNET Fiber Optic Submarine Cabels Customer (Operator-A) Rs $$ Rs SRI LANKA INTERNET BOUNDARY M M ACCESS ISP Customer (Operator-B) M M ACCESS ISP SNAPSHOT CONTENT APPS COMPUTE WEB IX

20. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works  Internet Registry (IR) - APNIC is the Regional IR (RIR) - No National Internet Registry (NIR) - ISPs act as Local IR (LIR) for own prefixes  ISPs are Licensed by GOSL through TRCSL  Internet Service is regulated by Telecommunication Regulatory Commission of SL (TRCSL)  Price Regulation  Quality of Service  National Broadband Policy  Increase Penetration  Develop Infrastructure Policy & Regulation

21. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Policy & Regulation ISPs: All access service providers have ISP Licenses In addition, there are specialized ISPs serving specific business demands. There are two types of ISP Licenses.  Facility Based (FB)  Non Facility Based (NFB) 1SLT 2LankaCom 3LankaBell 4Sky Network (SLT) 5Dialog Broadband 6Dialog Telekom 7Mobitel (SLT) 8Etisalat 9Hutch 10Airtel 11TATA Com 12Dynanet 13Wavecom 14Ceycom 15Eureka 16LEARN The Operators shall not be entitled to establish its own transmission facility, but will be entitled to use a transmission facility of other licensed operators to connect subscribers and sites.

22. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Internet Traffic:  The country total download traffic (peak) is roughly 50 – 60 Gbps *  Almost 95% Internet traffic is Non-Local  Some popular Content Caches are locally hosted @ ISPs  The two Internet Exchanges and Local Direct Peering serve inter ISP traffic * Estimated figure

23. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Growth: We expect the Internet Penetration to grow rapidly with the penetration of Faster access via Fiber, LTE stimulates usage SMART Home/Office/Community initiatives are seen emerging in the market Internet of Things (IOT) will drive always on connectivity Convenient & Cheaper Cloud services will need Ubiquitous Internet access IPv6: Most of the ISPs have enabled IPv6 in their networks, with limited scope. Business Internet lines can get IPv6 from the major service providers*. Enabling IPv6 on Retail/Consumer services is on the boards for the very near future*. * with exceptions FUTURE

24. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Internet has become a critical contributor to Socio- Economic development & influence. Let us actively engage in the development & better use of the Internet for improving the wellbeing and productivity of the people. FINAL REMARKS

25. How the Sri Lanka Internet Works Thank You!