1. Irony: Language that conveys a certain ideas by saying just he opposite.

2. Ellipses: A series of marks (
Ellipses: A series of marks ( ... ) used in writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of letters or words.

3. Figurative Language: Language that does not mean exactly what it says
Figurative Language: Language that does not mean exactly what it says. For example, you can call someone who is very angry “steaming.” Unless steam was actually coming out of your ears, you were using figurative language.

4. Alliteration: The repetition of first consonants in a group of words as in “Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers.”

5. Simile: A comparison that uses “like” or “as” For example, “I’m as hungry as a wolf,” or “My love is like a rose.”

6. Metaphor: A comparison that doesn’t use “like” or “as”—such as “He’s a rock” or “I am an island.”

7. Characterization: The means by which an author establishes character
Characterization: The means by which an author establishes character. An author may directly describe the appearance and personality of character or show it through action or dialogue.

8. Motivation: The mixture of situation and personal that impels a character to behave the way he or she does. A situation that would cause someone to act according to the story line.

9. Allusion: A reference to something or someone often literary
Allusion: A reference to something or someone often literary. For instance, if you were trying to instill confidence in a friend and said, “Use the force,” that would be an allusion to Stars Wars. The verb form of allusion is to allude.

10. Symbolism:. The use of one things to represent another
Symbolism: The use of one things to represent another. For example, a dove is a symbol of peace.

11. Theme: The central idea of a work.

12. Motif: A theme or pattern that recurs in a work.

13. Theme and central/ main idea

14. What is central/main idea?
After you read a book or see a movie, do you ever tell someone else what it is about? When you do this, you state the main idea. The main idea is what something is mostly about.
What is central/main idea?

15. Main idea/central idea
Main ideas are typically found in a literary passage.
Central ideas are found in an informational text.
Use the WIN strategy to help determine the central/main idea:
WHO/WHAT - Figure out the most important who or what
INFORMATION - Figure out the most important information about the  who or what
NUMBER OF WORDS - Write the main idea using the fewest possible number of words
Main idea/central idea

16. The theme is the lesson or message that the writer wants to get across in his or her story.
Usually theme is a statement about life or the way the world works. People apply these lessons or ideas to their own lives.
Theme

17. To find the theme, ask yourself, What lesson did the main character in the story learn or fail to learn? Other questions to ask yourself:
What is the moral of the story?
What lesson is the author trying to teach?
Which idea in the story can relate to everyday life?
How do I find theme?

18. How are the theme and central idea developed throughout the text?
Through characters’ actions
Through key plot details
Through the conflict
How are the theme and central idea developed throughout the text?

19. The more you read, the more you will notice that some themes are used again and again. Here are some common themes:
Too much pride can destroy a person
Crime does not pay
Treat others the way you want to be treated
Going through hard times can make a person stronger
Love conquers all
Common themes

20. Identify theme and strategies of finding theme within a story.
Identify central idea and main idea
What are similarities and differences between the two?
What strategy do I want to use to find central/main idea?
How are theme, main idea, and central idea are developed in a text (hint: think of point of view)
Now you try