1. Lecture 2 LISAM. Statistical software.

2. LISAM What is LISAM? Social network for Creating personal pages Creating courses  Storing course materials (lectures, documents, useful links)  Publishing assignments to certain student groups (labs, project work)  Uploading and submitting solutions to assignments electronically  Correcting and grading the solutions Communication between students and teacher http://lisam.liu.se Introduction to academic studies

3. How it looks like when you logon Introduction to academic studies

4. Panels Menu Newsfeed: you find comments from people and courses you have chosen to follow Messages: important information from teachers/administrators in your courses. Important menus: About me (edit the profile, set the default language) My courses: See all courses that you registered yourself for. About LISAM help information Introduction to academic studies

5. If the webpage is in Swedish About me  Edit your profile Introduction to academic studies

6. Accessing a course Mina kurser/ My courses Introduction to academic studies

7. Course structure Introduction to academic studies

8. Course structure Syllabus: compressed information about the course, teaching, examination and admission requirements Course documents: basic course material: lectures, files (uploaded by teacher) Collaborative workspace: teachers and students can publish files there and make comments Newsfeed: Teachers and students may start a conversation there Announcements: information from teacher Timetable: link to schedule in TimeEdit Submissions: Here you may find your labs/assignments and submit the answer Assessment record: The overview of your grades Introduction to academic studies

9. Course menus Introduction to academic studies Note that each lab/assignment has a deadline and an end date

10. Submit a report Introduction to academic studies

11. Statistical and data mining software Commerical  SAS  Minitab  SPSS  Matlab  Microsoft SQL Server Free of charge:  R  WinBugs  Python  GGobi Introduction to academic studies

12. SAS  Basic Module  SAS Enterprise Guide  SAS JMP  … Introduction to academic studies

13. SAS Learn: How SAS is started What is Library What's in the Editor, Output, Log What's in the Results How to create a library How to import XLS document to the library Note data material (Column attributes) Write a simple computer program and save the file  proc. gplot data = sashelp.class;  plot height * weight;  run; Run the program Sas file upload. Help (contents, index, search, SAS/GRAPH, SAS/STAT) Introduction to academic studies proc import datafile=’C:\Customers.xlsx' dbms=xlsx out=Customers; sheet='Sheet1'; run;

14. Minitab Learn: Import data Look through the menus Run regression Make a plot Introduction to academic studies

15. R R is a real computer language with full flexibility Constantly increasing amount of packages (new research) Free of charge Website: http://www.r-project.org/http://www.r-project.org/ Code Editor: http://rstudio.org/http://rstudio.org/ Introduction to academic studies

16. Software: use RStudio Install R: http://www.r-project.org/http://www.r-project.org/ Install RStudio: http://rstudio.org/http://rstudio.org/ Introduction to academic studies Program Execution console Plots Workspace

17. Basics in RStudio Important to know: Create a new file and save it (File menu) Running one line or entire code (Edit menu) Running one line in console Workspace (Observe, Save, Clear) Setting current directory (Tools) Installing new package (Packages tabs) Introduction to academic studies

18. Call help Specific function  help(function) Help browser  help.start() Search for something in help  help.search(“expression”) Quick reminder of function arguments:  args(function) Examples of how to use function:  example(function) If some method is not installed on the computer:  RSiteSearch(”expression") Introduction to academic studies

19. Introduction R is case-sensitive (A and a) Each command on a new line Comment: #R is a very cool language! Initialize/set the variable Use-> or <- a<-3 3->b Introduction to academic studies

20. Vectors Create a vector x<-c(1,3) See the result x print(x) Introduction to academic studies

21. Sequence Either‘: ‘ or seq() Introduction to academic studies

22. Use matrix() a<-matrix( values,nrow= m,ncol= n ) Values should be listed columnvise nrow= and ncol= can be skipped Introduction to academic studies Matrices

23. Index Positive index x[1,6] x[2:10] Negative index x[-(1:5)] all except 1:5 Entire column or row x[2,] entire column 2 Introduction to academic studies

24. Vectors and matrices of the row length can be collected into a data frame Used to store the data of different types into a single table Use data.frame( object 1, object 2, …, object k ) Introduction to academic studies Data frame

25. Any object in the data frame can be retrieved by dataframe $ object Introduction to academic studies Data frame

26. Read data from Excel file 1. Save as ”comma-separated file”(csv) 2. Use Dataframe<-read.csv2(file_name) Exercise: Use Excel file Airlines.xls and import it to R Introduction to academic studies

27. Conditioning and loops If (x==3) { … } else { … } for (i in 2:99) { … } while(x!=29) { … } Introduction to academic studies

28. for (name in expr1 ) { … } while (condition) { … } Introduction to academic studies Loops

29. Function writing must always end with writing the value which should be returned! You may also use ”return(value)” to show what value the function should return Introduction to academic studies Writing your own functions