1. Chapter 12: Digital Society, Ethics and Globalization
Succeeding with Technology: Second Edition

2. Succeeding with Technology
Objectives
Describe how technology is affecting the definition of community, and list some physical and mental health dangers associated with excessive computer use
Describe the negative and positive impact of technology on freedom of speech, and list forms of speech and expression that are censored on the Web
Succeeding with Technology

3. Objectives (continued)
Explain the ways in which technology is used to invade personal privacy, and provide examples of laws that protect citizens from privacy invasion
List ethical issues related to digital technology that confront individuals in personal and professional life, businesses, and governments
Explain what globalization is, what forces are behind it, and how it is affecting the United States and other nations
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Living Online
Virtual space
An environment that exists in the mind rather than in physical space
People find virtual space
In a daydream
In a book
In a movie
On a cell phone
On the Internet
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5. Computers and Community
Flash mob
Group of people who assemble suddenly in a public place, do something unusual, and then disperse
Participants
Given precise instructions on where to meet, how to act, and what to say if questioned
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8. Health Issues: Keeping a Balance
Repetitive stress injury (RSI)
Injury such as tendonitis and tennis elbow, caused by a repetitive motion
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Aggravation of the pathway for nerves that travel through the wrist (the carpal tunnel)
Typically caused by long hours at the computer keyboard
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10. Health Issues: Keeping a Balance (continued)
Internet addiction
May exist if people are online for long periods of time
Cannot control their online usage
Jeopardize their career or family life from excessive Internet usage
Lie to family, friends, and coworkers about excessive Internet usage
Ergonomics
Designing and positioning work environment and computer equipment in a healthy manner
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Freedom of Speech
First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Guarantees citizens the right to free speech
Internet
Used to espouse the views and beliefs of every religious and political group
Web sites
May include points of view that many find offensive and even dangerous
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13. Challenging the Establishment and Traditional Institutions
Bloggers
Are becoming an increasingly important component in journalism
Proliferation of digital cameras and camera phones
Has led to many amateur photographers having their photos published
Consumer-generated media (CGM)
Role of the public in capturing and reporting news
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Laws and Censorship
Libel
The deliberate act of defamation of character by making false statements of fact
Censorship
Occurs when a government or authority controls speech and other forms of expression
Content-filtering software
Works with Web browser to check each Web site for indecent materials
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Privacy Issues
Being free from intrusion
The right to be left alone
Freedom from surveillance
Control over the information collected and kept about one’s self
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18. Personal Information Privacy
Much of the information gathered about individuals
Done without their knowledge
Internet
Acts as a supercharged tool for invisible information gathering
ChoicePoint collects and combines information from
The three big credit bureaus
Public records of numerous local, state, and federal government agencies
Telephone records; liens; deeds; and other sources
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20. Privacy and Government
Privacy Act of 1974
Primary law controlling what many government agencies can and cannot do with information they hold
PATRIOT Act
Gave federal government certain liberties regarding access to private information and the treatment of suspected terrorists
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23. Surveillance Technologies
The close monitoring of behavior
Wiretap requests
Increased by 85 percent in the three years following the September 11 attacks
FBI surveillance
Grew from telephone networks to broadband cable networks in 2004
Extended to VoIP communications in 2005
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25. Video and Audio Surveillance
Video cameras in public places
Are assisting in capturing criminals who may otherwise escape
Chicago
Has the most advanced video surveillance system
High-resolution cameras attached to satellites and trained on the earth
Are providing us with amazing new mapping technologies
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28. GPS and RFID Surveillance
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Are useful, but can be used to invade privacy
Are being used to track ex-cons
US privacy laws control who can be monitored
Lack of funding limits ability to monitor
Three scenarios
Full privacy
Full trust
Full transparency
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29. Ethics and Social Responsibility
Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong
Computer ethics
Issues that deal with computer use
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30. Personal Ethical Considerations
Personal computer ethics
The responsible use of computers outside of professional environments
Feeling of social responsibility
May guide a computer user to treat others online with respect
A person’s own sense of morality
May keep him/her from becoming involved with Web content that has a negative impact
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32. Professional Ethical Considerations
Associations that have developed a code of ethical conduct
Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR)
Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
The British Computer Society (BCS)
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34. Governmental Ethical Considerations
The digital divide
The social and economic gap between those who have access to computers and the Internet and those who do not
Economic digital divide in the United States
Has been shrinking since the turn of the millennium
Global digital divide
Provides a greater social and ethical challenge
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Globalization
Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange
Largest contributors to globalization
Computers
A global telecommunication infrastructure
The Internet
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Outsourcing
Use of an outside company to take over portions of the business workload
Bangalore
Has become known as the Silicon Valley of India
Major presence
Microsoft, IBM, Texas Instruments, HP, GE, and many others
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Offshoring
Business practice that relocates an entire production line to another location, typically in another country,
Beijing (China)
The global center of offshoring
When China joined the World Trade Organization and agreed to follow international trade laws
It opened a floodgate for trade and innovation
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43. Business Challenges in Globalization
Culture
Language
Time and distance
Infrastructure
Currency
State, regional, and national laws
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Conclusion
Positive effects of technology on society
Finding cures for deadly diseases
Eroding the power of totalitarian governments and dictators
Developing alternate environmentally friendly energy source
Widespread access to information
Is building a more transparent society
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Summary
The Internet
Provides an entire virtual world of information, people, and groups in which you can literally lose yourself
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Guarantees citizens the right to free speech
Libel and direct, specific threats
Not protected under the First Amendment
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Summary (continued)
Privacy issues that concern most people
Being free from intrusion
Computer profiling
Primary service provided by private information service companies such as ChoicePoint
The field of ethics
Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong
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49. Succeeding with Technology
Summary (continued)
Professional computer ethics
Involve the ethical issues faced by professionals in their use of computer systems as part of their jobs
Globalization
Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange
Succeeding with Technology