1. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON FISHERIES RESOURCES IN BANGLADESH
MTH Chowdhury, ZP Sukhan1, MA Hannan
Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, South Korea
1Laboratory of Marine Biology, Kyushu University, Japan
Presenter
Muhammad Tanvir Hossain Chowdhury
PhD Student, Department of Biotechnology
Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
International Conference on Environmental Aspects of Bangladesh (ICEAB)
Sept. 4, Japan.

2. INTRODUCTION Fish Production Freshwater Fisheries Marine Fisheries
Directly affect
Freshwater Fisheries
Marine Fisheries
Fish Production
Temperature
Rainfall
Hydrology

3. On the basis of vulnerability
Source: Macfadyen, G., and Allison, E. (2009). P 38.

4. On the basis of adaptive capacity
Source: Macfadyen, G., and Allison, E. (2009). P 38.

5. INTRODUCTION VULNERABILITY most vulnerable countries in Asia
depending on the vulnerability of national economy to the impacts of climate change on fisheries
VULNERABILITY
* Predicted warming
* Relative importance of fisheries
to national economics and diet
* Limited societal capacity to
potential impacts and opportunities
Combined
Effect of
has lowest adaptive capacity to climate change in fisheries

6. Climate change directly affect fishery production
Fish reproduction, growth and migration patterns are all affected by temperature, rainfall and hydrology
Climate change is likely to adversely affect both the fresh water and marine fisheries in Bangladesh.

7. GDP INTRODUCTION Contribution of Fisheries Sector in Bangladesh 4.48 %
2nd; 4.83%
Foreign
Exchange
4.48 %
GDP
12 M+
PROTEIN SUPPLY
58.0 %
20.87 %
AGRICULTURE

8. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased).
The global increase of carbon dioxide is due to the use of land and fossil fuel,
Increase of methane and nitrous oxide are due to agriculture
Rising concentration of the green house gases in the atmosphere are causing global climate change

9. EFFECT ON FRESHWATER FISHES IN BANGLADESH
Poikilothermic animal
Growth, reproduction & activity are directly influenced by the change of temperature
TEMPERATURE
Solubility of
INVERSELY RELATED TO
SALINITY
&

10. EFFECT ON FRESHWATER FISHES IN BANGLADESH
DISSOLVED
TEMPERATURE
has harmful effect in pond fish culture
&
TEMPERATURE
ACTIVITY
EVAPOTRANS
-PIRATION
SURFACE & VOLUME OF POND WATER

11. EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
Contribute nearly 1 million metric ton of fish
Inundated during the flood stages
Isolated from the main channel during the dry season
Regular flooding ensures the reproductive success of the fish

12. Temperature change (OC) Precipitation change (%)
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
GCM estimates of temperature and precipitation changes in Bangladesh
Year
Temperature change (OC)
Precipitation change (%)
Annual
Dec-Jan-Feb
(Dry Season)
Jun-Jul-Agu
(Wet Season)
Jun-July-Aug
Baseline
Average -
2278 mm
33.7 Mm mm
2030
1.0
1.1
0.8
+3.8
-1.2
+4.7
2050
1.4
1.6
+5.6
-1.7
+6.8
2100
2.4
2.7
1.9
+9.7
-3.0
+11.8
This model was run by the IPCC (Inter-government Panel on Climate Change) B2 scenario

13. The Survival of Next Year’s Brood For Reproduction KILL CHALLENGE
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
VOLUME & FAVORABLE
FISH HABITATS
CHALLENGE
The Survival of
Next Year’s Brood
For Reproduction 2
KILL 1

14. + Extend the Feeding Ground of Fish Runoff with Higher Nutrient
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES +
Runoff with Higher Nutrient
Floodplain & Productivity
Extend the Feeding Ground of Fish

15. brings Revolution in Fish Production
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
Ranching
In Monson
brings Revolution in Fish Production
Runoff
Flood
Destroy aquaculture Infrastructure
reduced the closed water aquaculture production

16. Decrease productivity
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
Aquatic
Macrophyte
TEMPERATURE
2-3OC of temperature cause % of macrophyte production
Fish KILL 1
Decrease productivity 2
Reduce fish habitat
Create anoxic condition 3
Reduce dissolved Oxygen
Bangladesh might face this problem

17. EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
The main impacts of climate change on coastal area in Bangladesh are
Sea Level rise 1
Reduction of freshwater availability by salinity intrusion 2
Increasing cyclone frequency 3
Decrease Brackish water fish production 4

19. Water salinity varies from 0-20 ppt
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA 1
Water salinity varies from 0-20 ppt 2
Water salinity and its distribution are increasing with the increase of sea level rise 3
Soil salinity in South Western part of Bangladesh is also increasing

20. Increasing rate of soil salinity area of southern part of Bangladesh
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
Area (hectare)
Increasing rate of soil salinity area of southern part of Bangladesh

21. Cyclone Sidr (15 Nov., 2007) and Aila (27 May, 2009)
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
Cyclone Sidr (15 Nov., 2007) and
Aila (27 May, 2009)
hit South and South West part of Bangladesh and destroy the coastal embankment infrastructure and increase the salinity
This salinity intrusion including sea level rising creates harmful effect on existing fish species.
Water salinity exceeds the expected salinity level that especially required for fresh water fish production

22. SALINITY INTRUSION Negative Effect Positive Effect
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
SALINITY INTRUSION
Negative Effect
Positive Effect
threatened to fresh water fisheries
Loss of fish biodiversity
Create opportunities for catching and cultivating brackish and marine species
Potential species
Penaeus vannamei (Western White Shrimp)
Penaeus monodon (Tiger Shrimp)
Chanos chanos (Milk Fish)
Mugil cephalus (Mullet)
Tilapia nilotica (Tilapia)

23. EFFECT ON SUNDARBAN FISHERIES
World’s Largest single chunk of continuous mangrove forest
Fish species inhibit : 175
Supports offshore & deep sea fisheries by playing as nursery ground for many deep sea fishes and shrimps
Act as protecting wall against the devastating cyclones and tidal surges by deflecting and reducing energy

24. EFFECT ON SUNDARBAN FISHERIES
Highly vulnerable to sea level rise and will be disappear by 1 meter rise of the sea level
Sea level rise may destroy the mangrove forest as well as destroy the marine fish nursery ground

25. Effect on marine fisheries
Average tropical sea surface temperature is predicted to increase by 50-80%.
Increased temperature may affect the distribution pattern of some fish species
Some of them may be migrate to the higher latitude for cooler place.

26. Atmospheric CO2 level will be high and this will cause the average ocean pH to drop by 0.4-0.5
Fish embryos and larvae are more sensitive to pH change than juvenile and adults.
Eggs of the pelagic fishes might be more susceptible to pH change.
Increased level of dissolved CO2 also reduces the pH of animal tissue and it may affect the marine fish physiology.

27. CONCLUSION
Bangladesh economy is vulnerable to climate change impact, which could affect our food security and level of poverty by elevating stress on fisheries production
But the detailed effects on climate change affecting the fisheries sector is yet uncertain.
It might bring economic hardship or might increase the opportunity to higher fish production through adaptive measure and increase the economic growth.

28. THANK YOU