1. FDR’s New Deal

2. Public Works Administration (PWA) Created June 1933 Purposes:  To provide jobs  To stimulate demand for materials  To construct long-lasting large-scale projects of social & economic worth

3. Public Works Administration (PWA)  PWA granted 45% of labor/material costs; remainder paid by localities/states  PWA also granted $$ to other fed. gov’t agencies  Over $6 billion granted for 34,000 projects nationally  Over $100 million for 922 projects in Texas

4. Types of PWA Work Projects Buildings (gov’t admin., schools, hospitals, libraries, public housing, etc.) Infrastructure (roads, bridges, tunnels, ports/harbors) Water Reclamation (dams & hydro-electric plants) Naval Vessels (aircraft carriers, battleships, etc.) Municipal Sewers & water treatment plants

5. Golden Gate Bridge (S.F.)

6. Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Wash.)

7. Grand Coulee Dam (Wash.)

8. Hoover Dam (Ariz.-N.M.)

9. Lincoln Tunnel (N.Y.-N.J.)

10. Pennsylvania Turnpike

11. Chicago’s 1st Subway System

12. LSU Stadium & Orange Bowl

13. USS Yorktown

14. Port of Brownsville

15. Mansfield Dam (Lake Travis)

16. Slum Clearance/Public Housing (San Antonio)

17. Anson (Jones County) High School Auditorium

18. UT Main Building & Tower

19. Van Zandt County Courthouse (Canton)

20. John Peter Smith City-County Hospital (Ft. Worth)

21. Terminal & Hangar at Houston Municipal (Hobby) Airport

23. PWA Administrator Harold Ickes  Progressive Era reformer & veteran of Chicago politics  Obsessed with avoiding scandal  Meticulous oversight = slow, but steady progress (& criticism)

24. Works Progress Administration (WPA) Created May 1935 Primary Purpose: to provide jobs, jobs, jobs Employed 8 million in US; 600,000 Texans ¾ worked on construction projects (usually smaller scale than PWA) WPA paid about ¾ of costs

25. WPA Administrator Harry Hopkins NYC social worker Unlike Ickes, favored quick start to projects & rapid infusion of wages to workers

26. San Francisco Zoo

27. Topeka, Kansas High School

28. Timberline Lodge, Mt. Hood (Oregon)

29. Restored Dock Street Theater (Charleston, SC)

30. Nat’l Guard Armory in Tishomingo, Okla.

31. Coronado Heights (Central Kansas)

32. Fraser Field (Lynn, Mass.)

33. Astoria Pool, largest in NYC

34. Camp David, Maryland

35. Possum Kingdom Arch Bridge (Palo Pinto County)

36. Houston City Hall

37. Ft. Worth Botanic Gardens

38. Dallas & San Antonio Zoo improvement

39. Dealey Plaza in Dallas

40. San Antonio’s Riverwalk

41. Will Rogers Memorial Center (Ft. Worth)

42. Art Deco Buildings & Lagoon in Fair Park (Dallas)

43. San Jacinto Battlefield Monument

44. Corps of Cadets Dorms at Texas A&M

45. WPA Gym in Plano (now the Courtyard Theater)

46. Mt. Pleasant Country Club (Titus County)

47. Robertson Stadium (Univ. of Houston)

48. WPA: Non-construction work ¼ of WPA workers performed non-construction work  WPA arts projects  Other projects not as well known

49. WPA Theater Project

50. WPA Writers’ Project

51. WPA Music Project: Concerts

52. WPA Music Project: Music Classes

53. WPA Art Project: Exhibitions

54. WPA Art Project: Art Classes

55. Post Office Murals (not WPA)

56. WPA Archeology Project

57. WPA Archeology Processing Lab at UT

58. WPA Day Care Facilities

59. WPA Archive & Bookbinding Projects

60. WPA Library Project: Bookmobiles

61. WPA Library Project: Audio Books for the Blind

62. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Created in March 1933, strongly supported by FDR Purpose: to conserve the nation’s natural & human resources 2.5 million men ages 18-25 (50,000 in TX), served in 3000 camps

63. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Multiple agencies involved:  Labor Dept. for recruitment  US Army to house & feed enrollees in work camps  Depts. of Interior & Agriculture to oversee work projects in parks & forests

64. Building an Ohio State Park road, 1936

65. Bridge at Coronado Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)

66. Dam in White River Nat’l Forest (Col.)

67. Campground in Tonto Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)

68. Campsite Gazebo at Whitman Nat’l Forest (Ore.)

69. Bathhouse in Teton Nat’l Forest (Wyo.)

70. Restroom Facility at Fishlake Nat’l Forest (Utah)

71. Campground Cabin at Willamette Nat’l Forest (Ore.)

72. Painted Desert Inn at Petrified Forest Nat’l Park (Ariz.)

73. Ranger Station at Yosemite (Calif.)

74. Red Rocks Amphitheater (outside Denver)

75. “Amphitheater” at Sabine Nat’l Forest

76. Pavilions at Angelina & Davy Crockett Nat’l Forests

77. Access Roads at Big Bend Nat’l Park

78. Cabins & Refectory at Garner State Park

79. Dam & Refectory at Huntsville State Park

80. Swimming Pool & Rec Hall at Abilene State Park

81. Structures & Swimming Pool at Bastrop State Park

82. Water Tower at Mother Neff State Park

83. White Rock Lake (Dallas)

84. Indian Lodge in Davis Mountains State Park

85. Longhorn Cavern State Park

87. Mission Excavation/Restoration: Goliad

88. Planting Millions of Trees & Fighting Forest Fires

89. National Youth Administration (NYA) Created May 1935 Open to male & female youth Purpose #1: To provide part-time jobs for 2 million high school & college students (175k in TX)

90. Texas NYA Administrator Lyndon Johnson

91. NYA Library Assistance

92. NYA Office Work at a High School

93. NYA Teacher Assistance

94. NYA Dance Class in San Marcos

95. NYA Athletic Instruction

96. National Youth Administration (NYA) Purpose #2: To aid 2.5 million out-of-school youth aided through various work programs (75k in TX) Aid = wages + skills training

97. La Villita (San Antonio)

100. Replica Log Cabin at the Witte Museum (San Antonio)

101. San Benito (Cameron County) Public Library

102. Little Chapel in the Woods at Texas Woman’s University

103. NYA Roadside Park in Newton County

104. Mixing Cement at an NYA Work Center

105. NYA Machine Shop Training

106. War Factory Training in Corpus Christi