1. Monroe L. Weber-Shirk S chool of Civil and Environmental Engineering WTP Project Safety, Expectations, Economics, Logic Raw water To waste F1F1 F1F1 S1S1 Manual flow control valve Solenoid valve Clearwell To waste Overflow to waste S1S1 S2S2 S3S3 S4S4 S5S5 F2F2 Preassembled module

2. Laboratory Safety  Safety hazards  Electrical  Chemical  Aluminum Sulfate (alum)  Buddy System  Don’t go into any other areas of the environmental laboratory  Professional behavior  PPE: Safety glasses, lab coat  Safety hazards  Electrical  Chemical  Aluminum Sulfate (alum)  Buddy System  Don’t go into any other areas of the environmental laboratory  Professional behavior  PPE: Safety glasses, lab coat

3. Project Expectations  Spend at least 4 hours per week working on WTP outside of class  Keep an Excel time sheet (time in, time out, task, and weekly totals) for each of you (email weekly on Thursday to Jeff)  Work together as a team and divide up tasks  Spend time teaching each other what you are learning  Professional Play! (Have fun!)  Spend at least 4 hours per week working on WTP outside of class  Keep an Excel time sheet (time in, time out, task, and weekly totals) for each of you (email weekly on Thursday to Jeff)  Work together as a team and divide up tasks  Spend time teaching each other what you are learning  Professional Play! (Have fun!)

4. Team Work  Think efficiency  You can’t all work on the same thing!  Compare your team work to soccer players  Don’t bunch up!  Give each other permission to experiment with the plant  Make a project schedule  Think efficiency  You can’t all work on the same thing!  Compare your team work to soccer players  Don’t bunch up!  Give each other permission to experiment with the plant  Make a project schedule

5. Office Hours  Office hours will be in HO 150 for the rest of the semester  Monday 6:30-8:30 pm (Dale Meck)  Tuesday 6:30-8:30 pm (Stephanie Wedekind)  Wednesday 6:30-8:30 pm (Jeffrey Shore)  Thursday 8:00-10:00 pm (Laura Mar)  Office hours will be in HO 150 for the rest of the semester  Monday 6:30-8:30 pm (Dale Meck)  Tuesday 6:30-8:30 pm (Stephanie Wedekind)  Wednesday 6:30-8:30 pm (Jeffrey Shore)  Thursday 8:00-10:00 pm (Laura Mar)

6. Water Treatment Plant Goals  Best value (meets EPA turbidity standard with lowest annual cost of production for NYC)  Longest continuous operation  Best user interface (HMI or GUI)  Best plant control logic  Best plant design  Best maintenance plan for cleaning sedimentation tank and flocculation tank  Documentation of experimentation, data analysis, and appropriate plant modifications  Best value (meets EPA turbidity standard with lowest annual cost of production for NYC)  Longest continuous operation  Best user interface (HMI or GUI)  Best plant control logic  Best plant design  Best maintenance plan for cleaning sedimentation tank and flocculation tank  Documentation of experimentation, data analysis, and appropriate plant modifications

7. EPA Turbidity Standards  As of January 1, 2002, turbidity may never exceed 1 NTU, and must not exceed 0.3 NTU in 95% of daily samples in any month.  Our requirement will be that the turbidity be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU at all times  Samples will be collected from the clear well several times per day  The [(flow rate at the time of a turbidity violation) x (12 hours)] will be deducted as a penalty from the total plant production  Note that if the TAs collect more than 2 samples per day it will be possible for the penalties to exceed the production!  As of January 1, 2002, turbidity may never exceed 1 NTU, and must not exceed 0.3 NTU in 95% of daily samples in any month.  Our requirement will be that the turbidity be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU at all times  Samples will be collected from the clear well several times per day  The [(flow rate at the time of a turbidity violation) x (12 hours)] will be deducted as a penalty from the total plant production  Note that if the TAs collect more than 2 samples per day it will be possible for the penalties to exceed the production!

8. Economics  Capital costs  Cost of building the various components  building  Controls and sensors  Operation and Maintenance costs (O&M)  Chemicals (alum)  Electricity  Labor  Both capital and O&M costs contribute to the cost of the water produced  We will only include the capital costs for this competition  Capital costs  Cost of building the various components  building  Controls and sensors  Operation and Maintenance costs (O&M)  Chemicals (alum)  Electricity  Labor  Both capital and O&M costs contribute to the cost of the water produced  We will only include the capital costs for this competition

9. Competition Economics  We will only include the costs for the processes that you can control  The costs will be scaled as if your plant were full scale  Otherwise the computer, data acquisition system, and control hardware would completely dominate the cost!  The clear well and the flow accumulator will not be included in the economics  We will only include the costs for the processes that you can control  The costs will be scaled as if your plant were full scale  Otherwise the computer, data acquisition system, and control hardware would completely dominate the cost!  The clear well and the flow accumulator will not be included in the economics

10. Capital Cost Estimates Used for the Competition Itemcostunit filters8000$/m 2 surface area of filter garnet90$/m 3 volume of garnet sand20$/m 3 volume of sand anthracite30$/m 3 volume of anthracite rapid mix tank5000$/m 3 volume of rapid mix tank flocculation tank2500$/m 3 volume of flocculation tank sedimentation2000$/m 3 volume of sedimentation tank lamella20$/m 2 total surface area of lamella Itemcostunit filters8000$/m 2 surface area of filter garnet90$/m 3 volume of garnet sand20$/m 3 volume of sand anthracite30$/m 3 volume of anthracite rapid mix tank5000$/m 3 volume of rapid mix tank flocculation tank2500$/m 3 volume of flocculation tank sedimentation2000$/m 3 volume of sedimentation tank lamella20$/m 2 total surface area of lamella

11. Calculating the cost of water from your plant if applied to NYC  Calculate the cost of your plant  Assign cost for 1 week of operation assuming 25 year life  Calculate the amount of water produced in the week of the competition  Subtract any water that was produced within 12 hours of a turbidity standard violation  Calculate the cost per m 3 of water produced  Calculate the annual cost for using your process to provide 60 m 3 /s to NYC  Calculate the cost of your plant  Assign cost for 1 week of operation assuming 25 year life  Calculate the amount of water produced in the week of the competition  Subtract any water that was produced within 12 hours of a turbidity standard violation  Calculate the cost per m 3 of water produced  Calculate the annual cost for using your process to provide 60 m 3 /s to NYC

12. Data Collection and Reporting  The process method file must be stored in your folder on the Enviro server  A copy of the process method file must be submitted to mw24 at the beginning of the competition week  Any changes to the process method file during the competition must be submitted to mw24  TAs will measure the flow rates and the turbidity several times per day and email results to the class  Backwash and Filter to waste water may be subtracted to obtain the net production of each plant  The process method file must be stored in your folder on the Enviro server  A copy of the process method file must be submitted to mw24 at the beginning of the competition week  Any changes to the process method file during the competition must be submitted to mw24  TAs will measure the flow rates and the turbidity several times per day and email results to the class  Backwash and Filter to waste water may be subtracted to obtain the net production of each plant

13. How will your Team Win?  Produce the most clean water  Keep costs down  Efficient use of flocculation/sedimentation tanks  Judicious use of filter to waste  Only backwash when needed  Well designed filter media (donated by US Filter)  Document your design process  Get your plant running ASAP so you can improve it before the competition begins.  Produce the most clean water  Keep costs down  Efficient use of flocculation/sedimentation tanks  Judicious use of filter to waste  Only backwash when needed  Well designed filter media (donated by US Filter)  Document your design process  Get your plant running ASAP so you can improve it before the competition begins.

14. Turbidity Sensors  Turbidity sensors are probably not able to measure less than 1 NTU  They can be used as a guide to help understand how the plant is performing  Use the Hach Turbidimeter to measure effluent samples to see if your water is meeting EPA standards  Turbidity sensors are probably not able to measure less than 1 NTU  They can be used as a guide to help understand how the plant is performing  Use the Hach Turbidimeter to measure effluent samples to see if your water is meeting EPA standards

15. State Machines  What are the potential states for your water filtration plant?  Off  Down flow  Backwash  Media settle  Filter to Waste  What are the potential states for your water filtration plant?  Off  Down flow  Backwash  Media settle  Filter to Waste

16. Plant State Logic  Assume your water treatment plant is currently backwashing.  Under what conditions will the plant switch to a different state?  Time greater than max set point  Time greater than min set point and Above filter turbidity less than set point  Clear well empty  Assume your water treatment plant is currently backwashing.  Under what conditions will the plant switch to a different state?  Time greater than max set point  Time greater than min set point and Above filter turbidity less than set point  Clear well empty

17. Output Device Control  Some of the controls are either on or off depending on the state  Centrifugal backwash pump  Filter to waste valve  Some of the controls have variable settings  Alum pump rpm  Flow control valve  Some of the controls are either on or off depending on the state  Centrifugal backwash pump  Filter to waste valve  Some of the controls have variable settings  Alum pump rpm  Flow control valve

18. Alum pump rpm  How might a plant operator want to control the alum pump?  Pump rpm  Alum stock flow rate  Alum mass rate  Alum concentration after mixing  Fully automatic  What inputs are required?  How might a plant operator want to control the alum pump?  Pump rpm  Alum stock flow rate  Alum mass rate  Alum concentration after mixing  Fully automatic  What inputs are required?

19. Flow Control Valve  How should the solenoid valve be controlled?  What role does the flow accumulator play?  What will happen to the flow rate if the valve is opened for a short period of time?  How should the solenoid valve be controlled?  What role does the flow accumulator play?  What will happen to the flow rate if the valve is opened for a short period of time? Closed loop control logic P I D

20. Parting Pointers  Hydraulics: water flows from higher potential energy to lower potential energy  Leaks: fix them right away, clean up all spills immediately, keep bench dry, sensors and controls die when wet!  Save configuration files often and keep old versions  Sensor configuration (inside calibrator)  Rules (inside rule editor)  Overall process method (make sure it refers to current sensor and rules files)  Hydraulics: water flows from higher potential energy to lower potential energy  Leaks: fix them right away, clean up all spills immediately, keep bench dry, sensors and controls die when wet!  Save configuration files often and keep old versions  Sensor configuration (inside calibrator)  Rules (inside rule editor)  Overall process method (make sure it refers to current sensor and rules files)