1. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 20111 Tsallis Fit to RHIC Data Ming Shao CPST/USTC with Zhangbu Xu, Zebo Tang, Li Yi, Lijuan ruan, and more Introduction & Motivation Why and how to implement Tsallis statistics in Blast-Wave framework Results − Flavor dependence − High pT Conclusion 2015-6-30

2. 2010/10/18 14 届全国核物理大会，合肥 2 Thermalization and Radial flow in HI Thermalization in heavy-ion collisions ? － particle ratios agree with thermal prediction Matter flows in heavy-ion collisions – all particles have the same collective velocity Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 182301 STAR whitepaper

3. 2010/10/18 14 届全国核物理大会，合肥 3 Multi-strange decouple earlier than light hadrons, with less radial flow velocity Blast-wave analysis

4. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201142015-6-304 Hydrodynamics evolution π, K, p Multi-strange  Multi-strange particle spectra can be well described by the same hydrodynamics parameters as light hadrons  in contrast to the Blast-wave results Ulrich Heinz, arXiv:0901.4355 Hydro parameters:  0 = 0.6 fm/c s 0 = 110 fm -3 s 0 /n 0 = 250 T crit =T chem =165 MeV T dec =100 MeV

5. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201152015-6-305 Blast-Wave Model Assumptions: –Local thermal equilibrium  Boltzmann distribution –Longitudinal and transverse expansions (1+2) –Temperature and  T  are global quantities random boosted E.Schnedermann, J.Sollfrank, and U.Heinz, Phys. Rev. C48, 2462(1993) Extract thermal temperature T fo and velocity parameter  T  BGBW: Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast-Wave

6. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201162015-6-306 Limitation of the Blast-wave Strong assumption on local thermal equilibrium Arbitrary choice of p T range of the spectra Non-zero flow velocity =0.2 in p+p Lack of non-extensive quantities to describe the evolution from p+p to central A+A collisions –m T spectra in p+p collisions Levy function or m T power-law –m T spectra in A+A collisions Boltzmann or m T exponential pp@200GeV minbias STAR PRC71 (2005) 64902 AuAu@200GeV STAR PRL99

7. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201172015-6-30 Non-extensive Tsallis statistics C. Tsallis, H. Stat. Phys. 52, 479 (1988) Wilk and Wlodarzcyk, PRL84, 2770 (2000) ; Wilk and Wlodarzcyk, EPJ40, 299 (2009) Particle p T spectra: Exponential  Power law Tsallis Entropy Why Tsallis statistics?  Memory effect  Long range correlation (small size)  Intrinsic fluctuation  Limited phase space

8. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201182015-6-30 Tsallis statistics in Blast-wave model BGBW: With Tsallis distribution: Tsallis Blast-wave (TBW) equation is:

9. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201192015-6-309 Fit results in Au+Au collisions ZBT,Yichun Xu, Lijuan Ruan, Gene van Buren, Fuqiang Wang and Zhangbu Xu, Phys. Rev. C 79, 051901 (R) (2009)

10. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201110 Results in p+p collisions 2015-6-30

11. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011112015-6-3011 Fit strange hadrons only Strangeness, Au+Au 0-10%: = 0.464 +- 0.006 T = 0.150 +- 0.005 q = 1.000 +- 0.002 chi^2/nDof = 51/99 T strange >T light-hadrons Strangness decouple from the system earlier All available species

12. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011122015-6-3012 Centrality dependence for T and <    Multi-strange hadrons decouple earlier Hadron rescattering at hadronic phase doesn’t produce a collective radial flow, instead, it drives the system off equilibrium Partons achieve thermal equilibrium in central collisions

13. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011132015-6-3013 J/  suppression at RHIC and SPS Grandchamp, Rapp, Brown PRL 92, 212301 (2004) nucl-ex/0611020 Regeneration? Test with J/  flow. quarkonium – gloden probe of QGP deconfinement (color screening) thermometer J/  suppression at RHIC ≈ J/  suppression at SPS (energy differs by ~10 times) Puzzle!

14. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011142015-6-3014 J/  radial flow J/  radial flow consistent with 0, inconsistent with regeneration AuAu: β=0, T=0.2+/-0.4, q-1=0.06+/-0.18 CuCu: β=0, T=0.0+/-0.4, q-1=1.113+/-0.006 pp: β=0, T=0.17+/-0.17, q-1=1.07+/-0.05

15. Tsallis fit to high-pT 152015-6-30STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011 core corona (pp)

16. R AA & v 2 2015-6-30STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201116 1) New extension to v 2 still provide high quality fits – indicating bulk as a thermodynamic state. 2) Non-equilibrated component in the core produces a power-law tail in spectra and high v 2 at the intermediate pT. 3) The baryon and meson yields are grouped in p+p. 4) 2)+3) together bring down the bulk v 2, produce the baryon enhancement and the NCQ scaling at the intermediate pT. 5) The medium quenches the jet (to f pp = 0.40), resulting in a finite v 2 emission (9.4%). 6) Data points at low pT dominates the fit  2.

17. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011172015-6-3017 Summary Identified particle spectra at RHIC have been analyzed with Tsallis statistics in Blast-wave description to high pT (light hadrons, multi-strange hadrons, charmonium) Partonic phase –Partons achieve thermal equilibrium in central heavy-ion collisions –J/  is not thermalized and disfavors regeneration Hadronic phase –Multi-strange hadrons decouple earlier –Hadronic rescattering doesn’t produce collective radial flow, but drives the system off equilibrium –Radial flow reflects that when the multi-strange decouples Unified macroscopic description of hadron spectra/flow to high pT –Core and corona component –Statistical originated NCQ scaling on R AA & v 2

18. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011182015-6-3018 Thank you!

19. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201119 Check— Parameter Correlation 2015-6-3019 = 0.0000 +- 0.0000 T = 0.1747 +- 0.1644 q = 1.0708 +- 0.0435  2 /nDof = 12.83 / 13 = 0.0954 +- 0.0828 T = 0.1777 +- 0.0328 q = 1.0106 +- 0.0022  2 /nDof = 151.53 / 37

20. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201120 Check—Strangeness and light hadrons 2015-6-3020

21. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011211/14/201021 Temperature fluctuation Wilk and Wlodarzcyk, EPJ40, 299 (2009) Wilk and Wlodarzcyk, PRL84, 2770 (2000) Reverse legend 2015-6-30

22. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011222015-6-3022 J/  Elliptic flow Heavy Flavor decay electron Too early to compare with models Won’t have enough statistics before 2011 J/  Ermias T. Atomssa, QM2009 Alan Dion, QM2009 PHENIX Beam Use Request

23. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011232015-6-3023 How about radial flow? Yifei Zhang, QM2008, STAR, arXiv:0805.0364 (submitted to PRL) Sizeable radial flow for heavy flavor decay electrons

24. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 201124 Beam energy dependence 2015-6-3024 1.The radial flow velocity at SPS is smaller than that at RHIC. 2.Freeze-out temperatures are similar at RHIC and SPS. 3.The non-equilibrium parameter (q-1) is small in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and SPS except a larger (q -1) value for non-strange hadrons at RHIC energy

25. STAR-MTD Workshop, USTC, Mar 30 - Apr 1, 2011252015-6-3025 J/  radial flow = 0.06 +- 0.03 T = 0.134 +- 0.006 q =1.0250 +- 0.0014  2 /nDof = 85.03 / 26