1. PHL 210 Pharmacology
First Lecture By Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D. Phone:

2. Overview Introduction
- Pharmacology, scope & link to other biomedical principles
- Definitions
- Drug Nomenclature
B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology
- Drug-Body Interactions Drug Receptors
- Drug Receptor Interactions

3. Pharmacology, scope & link to other biomedical principles

4. Pharmacology, Definitions
“The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules (receptors) and activating or inhibiting normal body processes”
Drug
“Any substance that brings about a change in biologic function through its chemical actions”
Receptor
“A specific protein in either the plasma membrane or interior of a target cell with which the drug combines”
Mechanism of Action
“How the drug exerts its action”
Dose
“The amount of a drug to be administered at one time”

5. Pharmacology, Definitions
Effects (therapeutic effects)
“The desired results of administration of a medication”
Side Effects (adverse effects)
“Effects that are harmful and undesired, and that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects”
Indications
“The reasons for administering a medication or performing a treatment”
Contra-indications
“Factors that prevent the use of a medication or treatment (e.g., Allergies)”

6. Drug Nomenclature
Chemical name  represents the exact description of the drug’s chemical composition
Example 1: the chemical name 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-l-ethanol is condensed to the generic name metronidazole. The word methylnitro is condensed to metroni and dazole is due to its imidazole ring
Example 2: Metoclopramide is the condensed form of the word methoxychloroprocainamide: where Me is retained and th is written as t; chloro is written as clo: and procainamide is written as pramide
Generic name (non-proprietary) 
- simpler than the chemical name and derived from the chemical name itself easier to remember
Brand or trade name (proprietary)  is developed by the company requesting approval for the drug and identifies it as the exclusive property of that company.
Example 1: Metrogyl® is the trade name for metronidazole.
Example 2: Reglan® is the trade name for metoclopramide.
Example 3: Amoxil® is the trade name for amoxycillin.
Example 4: Celebrex® is the trade name for celecoxib.

7. Overview Introduction - Definitions B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology
- Drug Sources
- Drug Nomenclature
- What questions do pharmacologists ask?
B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology
- Drug-Body Interactions Drug Receptors
- Drug Receptor Interactions

8. Drug-Body Interactions
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (in Greek: "pharmacon" meaning drug, and "kinetikos" meaning putting in motion)
The study of the movement of drugs in the body, including the processes of absorption, distribution, localization in tissues, biotransformation and excretion
Pharmacodynamics
The study of the action or effects of drugs on living organisms
Pharmacokinetics vs Pharmacodynamics
What the body does to the drug
What the drug does to the body