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Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 9 Information Basic to Administering Drugs.

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Presentation on theme: "Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 9 Information Basic to Administering Drugs."— Presentation transcript:

1 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 9 Information Basic to Administering Drugs

2 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Information Nursing Handbook Generic and trade names Drug classification and drug category Side effects and adverse effects Pregnancy category Dosage and route Action Indications

3 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Information Nursing Handbook (cont.) Contraindications and precautions Interactions and incompatibilities Nursing implications Signs of effectiveness Teaching the patient/client

4 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Generic and Trade Names Generic name: one official name Trade name: several brand names

5 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Drug Classification and Drug Category Drug classification: categorizes drugs by the way they act against diseases or disorders *Drug category: way drugs work at the molecular, tissue, or body system level

6 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Side Effects and Adverse Effects *Side effect: nontherapeutic reactions to drug Adverse effect: nontherapeutic effect –May be harmful –Require lowering the dosage or discontinuing the drug

7 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pregnancy Category A: No risk to the fetus in any trimester *B: No adverse effect demonstrated in animals; no human studies available C: –Studies with animals have shown adverse reactions –No human studies are available –Given only after risks to the fetus have been considered

8 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pregnancy Category (cont.) D: Definite fetal risk exists; may be given despite risk to the fetus if needed for a life-threatening condition X: Absolute fetus abnormality; not to be used anytime during pregnancy

9 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Action and Indication Action: how drug works *Indication: reason for using the drug

10 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Contraindication and Precautions Terms used in which the drug should be given with caution or not given at all

11 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Incompatibilities Chemical: produces a visible sign Physical: may not give visible sign When in doubt, do not mix –*important when medications are combined for injection in IV administration

12 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Implications Whether drug should be taken with or without food What specific vital signs to monitor What lab values may be affected by the drug or ordered to check a drug’s effectiveness or toxicity

13 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pharmacokinetics Absorption Distribution Metabolism or biotransformation Excretion

14 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Absorption Factors Degree of stomach acidity Time required for the stomach to empty Whether food is present Amount of contact with villi in the small intestine Flow of blood to villi

15 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Distribution, Biotransformation, Excretion Distribution: drug’s movement through body fluids *Biotransformation: chemical change of drug into a form that can be excreted *Excretion: process by which the body removes a drug –kidney

16 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Factors That Affect Drug Action Weight Age Pathologic conditions Hypersensitivity to a drug Psychological and emotional state

17 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Half-Life and Therapeutic Range *Half-Life: time required for half of the drug to be excreted Therapeutic range: quantity of drug in the blood or serum to be effective

18 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Law *Criminal: offenses against the general public that are detrimental to society as a whole Civil: concerned with legal rights and duties of private persons

19 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins **Malpractice Nurse owed the patient/client a special duty of care Nurse failed to meet required standards Claim of harm or injury resulted because the nurse did not meet the required standard Claim of damages for which compensation is sought

20 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ethical Principles in Drug Administration Provide services with respect for the patient/client’s human dignity and uniqueness. Safeguard patient/client’s right to privacy. Act to safeguard patient/client from incompetent, unethical, or illegal practice. Assume responsibility and accountability for nursing judgments and actions. Maintain competence in nursing.

21 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Autonomy and Truthfulness Autonomy: self-determination –*Responsibility to discuss drug info with the client and to accept the clients right to refuse Truthfulness: obligation not to lie

22 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Beneficence and Nonmaleficence Beneficence: nurse should act in the patient/client’s best interests Nonmaleficence: nurse must not inflict harm on the patient/client and must prevent harm whenever possible

23 Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Confidentiality, Justice, Fidelity Confidentiality: respect for the information that a nurse learns from professional involvement with patients/clients *Justice: maintain high standard of care –Right drug, dose, route, time Fidelity: keep promises made to the patient/client


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